Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System related questions and content

A morbidly obese person visits the local bariatric (weight loss) clinic seeking a pill that will help shed weight. The physician prescribes dextroamphetamine. In addition to causing its expected centrally mediated anorexigenic (appetite-suppressant) effects, it causes a host of peripheral adrenergic effects that, for some patients, can prove fatal. The main mechanism by which dextroamphetamine or amphetamines in general, cause their peripheral autonomic effects is

  • A. Activates MAO
  • B. Blocks NE reuptake via the amine pump/transporter
  • C. Displaces, releases, intraneuronal NE
  • D. Enhances NE synthesis, leading to massive neurotransmitter overproduction
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Dextroamphetamine causes peripheral adrenergic effects by displacing, releasing, intraneuronal NE. Amphetamines disrupt the storage and release of NE from intraneuronal vesicles, leading to an increase in synaptic NE levels. This excess NE can stimulate adrenergic receptors in the periphery, causing adverse effects like hypertension, tachycardia, and potentially fatal outcomes.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Activating MAO would increase NE breakdown, not cause peripheral adrenergic effects.
B: Blocking NE reuptake would increase NE levels in the synapse, not intraneuronally, leading to central effects.
D: Enhancing NE synthesis would not directly lead to peripheral adrenergic effects, as it would require release and action at the synapse.

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Which gland controls basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

  • A. Thyroid.
  • B. Parathyroid.
  • C. Testes.
  • D. Pancreas.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thyroid. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones T3 and T4, which regulate the body's metabolic rate. These hormones control the basal metabolic rate (BMR) by influencing the rate at which cells use energy. The other choices, B: Parathyroid, C: Testes, and D: Pancreas, do not directly control BMR. Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, Testes produce hormones related to reproduction, and Pancreas regulates blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon secretion. Thyroid is the only gland among the choices that specifically influences BMR.

In the emergency department, during initial assessment of a new admission with diabetes, you discover all of the following. Which information should you immediately report to the physician?

  • A. Hammertoe of the left second metatarsophalangeal joint
  • B. Rapid respiratory rate with deep inspirations
  • C. Numbness and tingling bilaterally in feet and hands
  • D. Decreased sensitivity and swelling of the abdomen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rapid respiratory rate with deep inspirations may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or another metabolic disturbance and requires immediate intervention.

Which gland is located just superior to the kidneys?

  • A. Pituitary
  • B. Adrenal
  • C. Pancreas
  • D. Ovary
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenal gland. The adrenal gland is located just superior to the kidneys. It is part of the endocrine system and plays a crucial role in producing hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. The pituitary gland (A) is located in the brain, the pancreas (C) is situated in the abdomen, and the ovaries (D) are found in the pelvic region. The adrenal gland's location and function make it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

What describes the primary difference in treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)?

  • A. DKA requires administration of bicarbonate to correct acidosis.
  • B. Potassium replacement is not necessary in management of HHS.
  • C. HHS requires greater fluid replacement to correct the dehydration.
  • D. Administration of glucose is withheld in HHS until the blood glucose reaches a normal level.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: HHS requires more fluid replacement due to severe dehydration, while DKA management focuses more on correcting acidosis and insulin deficiency.

This is the Most Abundant Hormone Produced by the Anterior Pituitary

  • A. LH
  • B. TSH
  • C. ACTH
  • D. GH
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: GH (Growth Hormone). GH is the most abundant hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating growth, metabolism, and cell repair. LH, TSH, and ACTH are also hormones produced by the anterior pituitary, but they are not as abundant as GH and do not have the same wide-ranging effects on the body. LH is involved in reproductive functions, TSH regulates thyroid function, and ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands. Therefore, based on the function and abundance of hormones produced by the anterior pituitary, GH is the correct answer.

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