Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System related questions and content

One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?

  • A. the rapid oxidation of carbohydrates
  • B. catabolic inhibition
  • C. protein synthesis
  • D. humoral stimulation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: humoral stimulation. This mechanism directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Humoral stimulation refers to the regulation of hormone secretion in response to changes in blood levels of various substances like ions and nutrients. It is a feedback mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis by adjusting hormone levels based on the body's needs.

A: Rapid oxidation of carbohydrates is not related to endocrine control systems responding to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.
B: Catabolic inhibition does not directly respond to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.
C: Protein synthesis is not a mechanism that directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.

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The patient with diabetes insipidus is brought to the emergency department with confusion and dehydration after excretion of a large volume of urine today even though several liters of fluid were drunk. What is a diagnostic test that the nurse should expect to be done to help make a diagnosis?

  • A. Blood glucose
  • B. Serum sodium level
  • C. Urine specific gravity
  • D. Computed tomography (CT) of the head
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urine specific gravity is typically low in diabetes insipidus due to excessive urine output and inability to concentrate urine.

Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?

  • A. Pancreas
  • B. Adenohypophysis
  • C. Thyroid
  • D. Adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pancreas. The pancreas secretes insulin to decrease blood glucose levels and glucagon to elevate blood glucose levels. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose for energy, while glucagon triggers the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Adenohypophysis (B) secretes various hormones but not related to blood glucose regulation. Thyroid (C) secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly impacting blood glucose levels. Adrenal cortex (D) secretes hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, which are not primarily involved in blood glucose regulation.

Adrenaline is contraindicated in:

  • A. Cardiac arrest
  • B. Acute bronchial asthma
  • C. Anaphylactic shock
  • D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Adrenaline is contraindicated in hypertension because it can worsen high blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Adrenaline's vasoconstrictive effects can further elevate blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, potentially leading to severe complications. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid administering adrenaline in patients with hypertension to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Summary:
- A: Adrenaline is indicated in cardiac arrest to improve cardiac output.
- B: Adrenaline is indicated in acute bronchial asthma to relax bronchial smooth muscles.
- C: Adrenaline is indicated in anaphylactic shock to reverse severe allergic reactions.
- D (Correct): Adrenaline is contraindicated in hypertension due to its vasoconstrictive effects.

The liberation of proteins to free amino acids (final digestive step) occur in all of the following EXCEPT:

  • A. enterocyte cytoplasm
  • B. brush border
  • C. small intestine lumen
  • D. stomach
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: stomach. Proteins are broken down into amino acids through the process of digestion. In the stomach, proteins are broken down into smaller peptides, not free amino acids. The final step of liberating proteins into free amino acids occurs in the enterocyte cytoplasm, where absorbed nutrients are further processed. The brush border of the small intestine is where the final stages of digestion take place before absorption. The small intestine lumen is the space where digestion occurs, but the actual liberation of proteins into free amino acids happens in the enterocyte cytoplasm.

When caring for a diabetic client at night, the only symptom of insulin shock that a nurse might observe is

  • A. dry mucous membranes
  • B. acetone breath
  • C. flushed appearance
  • D. diaphoresis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most common symptom of insulin shock or hypoglycemia is diaphoresis (sweating), which is a result of the body's stress response to low blood glucose levels.

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