Nokea
Which is not Na+ dependent for absorption?
- A. thiamin
- B. riboflavin
- C. niacin
- D. folate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: folate. Folate absorption is not Na+ dependent as it is primarily absorbed in the small intestine through a carrier-mediated process that is independent of sodium. Thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin absorption, on the other hand, are Na+ dependent processes that rely on sodium co-transporters for uptake in the small intestine. Thiamin is absorbed through a sodium-dependent active transport system, riboflavin requires a sodium-dependent carrier protein for absorption, and niacin absorption involves a sodium-dependent transporter in the small intestine. Therefore, folate is the only option that is not Na+ dependent for absorption.
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Which endocrine gland normally produces insulin?
- A. Adrenal
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Pancreas
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is the endocrine gland responsible for producing insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. It is located behind the stomach and plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose balance in the body. The other choices, A: Adrenal, B: Parathyroid, and D: Liver, do not normally produce insulin. Adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, the parathyroid regulates calcium levels, and the liver performs various metabolic functions but does not produce insulin. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct choice for insulin production.
The female patient is admitted with a new diagnosis of Cushing syndrome with elevated serum and urine cortisol levels. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to see in this patient?
- A. Hair loss and moon face
- B. Decreased weight and hirsutism
- C. Decreased muscle mass and thick skin
- D. Elevated blood pressure and blood glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In Cushing syndrome, elevated cortisol levels often lead to elevated blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
Which gland is located just superior to the kidneys?
- A. Pituitary
- B. Adrenal
- C. Pancreas
- D. Ovary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenal gland. The adrenal gland is located just superior to the kidneys. It is part of the endocrine system and plays a crucial role in producing hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. The pituitary gland (A) is located in the brain, the pancreas (C) is situated in the abdomen, and the ovaries (D) are found in the pelvic region. The adrenal gland's location and function make it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
Which gland is responsible for the production of insulin?
- A. ovaries
- B. testes
- C. hypothalamus
- D. islets of Langerhans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: islets of Langerhans. These clusters of cells within the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The ovaries (A) and testes (B) are not responsible for insulin production. The hypothalamus (C) plays a role in regulating many bodily functions, but it is not directly involved in insulin production.
Which of the following explains the suppression of lactation during pregnancy?
- A. Blood prolactin levels are too low for milk production to occur
- B. Human placental lactogen levels are too low for milk production to occur
- C. The fetal adrenal gland does not produce sufficient estriol
- D. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone are high
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. During pregnancy, high levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit lactation by suppressing the release of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. Estrogen and progesterone maintain the pregnancy and prevent premature labor, so the body prioritizes their functions over lactation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because low blood prolactin levels, human placental lactogen levels, and fetal adrenal gland's estriol production are not directly related to the suppression of lactation during pregnancy.