Nokea
Which stimulates parietal cell secretion?
- A. prostaglandins
- B. aspirin
- C. vinegar
- D. acetylcholine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: acetylcholine. Parietal cells in the stomach are primarily stimulated by acetylcholine to secrete hydrochloric acid. Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors on parietal cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and subsequent acid secretion. Prostaglandins (choice A) actually inhibit acid secretion, making it an incorrect choice. Aspirin (choice B) is known to damage the gastric mucosa and does not directly stimulate parietal cells. Vinegar (choice C) is acidic but does not specifically target parietal cells for acid secretion. Therefore, the correct choice is acetylcholine as it directly stimulates parietal cell secretion through muscarinic receptors.
You may also like to solve these questions
Antoinette has gone to her primary care provider for a routine physical. Some of her laboratory results indicated an endocrine disorder. In hyperparathyroidism which test results are typical?
- A. Decreased WBC and increased alkaline phosphatase.
- B. Increased calcium and decreased phosphate.
- C. Decreased PTH and increased magnesium.
- D. Increased PTH and decreased calcium.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In hyperparathyroidism, increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) leads to increased calcium levels and decreased phosphate levels in the blood.
Which endocrine gland normally produces insulin?
- A. Adrenal
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Pancreas
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is the endocrine gland responsible for producing insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. It is located behind the stomach and plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose balance in the body. The other choices, A: Adrenal, B: Parathyroid, and D: Liver, do not normally produce insulin. Adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, the parathyroid regulates calcium levels, and the liver performs various metabolic functions but does not produce insulin. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct choice for insulin production.
Which of the following arteries supply the tail of pancreas?
- A. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
- B. Left gastroepiploic artery
- C. Splenic artery
- D. Superior pancreaticoduodenal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Splenic artery. The splenic artery supplies the tail of the pancreas through its branches. The splenic artery runs along the superior border of the pancreas and gives off multiple branches that supply various parts of the pancreas, including the tail.
A: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the inferior part of the pancreas.
B: Left gastroepiploic artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach.
D: Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the pancreatic head and duodenum.
Therefore, the splenic artery is the correct answer as it specifically supplies the tail of the pancreas.
Which gland controls basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
- A. Thyroid.
- B. Parathyroid.
- C. Testes.
- D. Pancreas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thyroid. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones T3 and T4, which regulate the body's metabolic rate. These hormones control the basal metabolic rate (BMR) by influencing the rate at which cells use energy. The other choices, B: Parathyroid, C: Testes, and D: Pancreas, do not directly control BMR. Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, Testes produce hormones related to reproduction, and Pancreas regulates blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon secretion. Thyroid is the only gland among the choices that specifically influences BMR.
All the following are endocrine glands, EXCEPT the:
- A. sweat gland
- B. adrenal glands
- C. thyroid gland
- D. pituitary gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: sweat gland. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting distant target organs. Sweat glands, on the other hand, are exocrine glands that release sweat onto the skin surface to regulate body temperature. The adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and pituitary gland are all endocrine glands that secrete hormones, making them the correct choices. A sweat gland does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream, so it does not qualify as an endocrine gland.