Nokea
A drug useful in the treatment of acute attack of migraine is:
- A. Sumatriptan
- B. Ergometrine
- C. Dihydroergometrine
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sumatriptan is the correct answer for treating acute migraine attacks as it is a specific serotonin receptor agonist that helps constrict blood vessels in the brain. Ergometrine and dihydroergometrine are ergot alkaloids used for other conditions, not migraine. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for migraine prevention, not acute attacks.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which equation is used to calculate the power P of the machine?
- A. P = ΔE × t
- B. P = W × t
- C. P = ΔE / t
- D. P = W / ΔE
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct equation for calculating power is P = ΔE / t. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. In this equation, ΔE represents the change in energy and t represents the time taken for that change. Dividing the change in energy by the time gives us the power. This equation aligns with the fundamental definition of power.
Choice A (P = ΔE × t) is incorrect because it implies that power is directly proportional to both the change in energy and time, which is not always the case.
Choice B (P = W × t) is incorrect because it incorrectly uses work (W) in the equation for power, while power is specifically related to the rate at which work is done, not the work itself.
Choice D (P = W / ΔE) is incorrect because it suggests power is inversely proportional to the change in energy, which is not a characteristic of power.
Which one of the following is a cardio selective β1-blocker:
- A. Timolol
- B. Metoprolol
- C. Nadolol
- D. Sotalol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metoprolol. Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 blocker, meaning it primarily blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to a decrease in heart rate and contractility. This selectivity reduces the risk of bronchoconstriction compared to non-selective beta blockers like Timolol (Choice A), Nadolol (Choice C), and Sotalol (Choice D), which can also block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially causing respiratory issues in patients with asthma or COPD. Therefore, Metoprolol is the best choice for patients with cardiovascular conditions who also have respiratory concerns.
Mr. T, who has Cushing syndrome, is being treated with corticosteroids for an extended period. He has been instructed to avoid sudden discontinuation of the drug. Why should this instruction be given?
- A. To prevent adrenal crisis
- B. To increase potassium retention
- C. To reduce sodium retention
- D. To avoid an overdose of the medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discontinuing corticosteroids abruptly can lead to adrenal insufficiency or adrenal crisis because the adrenal glands cannot produce cortisol quickly enough after being suppressed.
Which endocrine gland normally produces insulin?
- A. Adrenal
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Pancreas
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is the endocrine gland responsible for producing insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. It is located behind the stomach and plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose balance in the body. The other choices, A: Adrenal, B: Parathyroid, and D: Liver, do not normally produce insulin. Adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, the parathyroid regulates calcium levels, and the liver performs various metabolic functions but does not produce insulin. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct choice for insulin production.
The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?
- A. Adrenal.
- B. Parathyroid.
- C. Gonadal.
- D. Pancreas.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gonadal glands. These glands differ between males and females in terms of the hormones they secrete. In males, the gonadal glands (testes) produce testosterone, while in females, the gonadal glands (ovaries) produce estrogen and progesterone. Adrenal glands (A) secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are not gender-specific. Parathyroid glands (B) regulate calcium levels and are not gender-specific. Pancreas (D) secretes insulin and glucagon, which are also not gender-specific. Therefore, the key difference in secretions between males and females lies in the gonadal glands.