Nokea
A neurologist asks a patient to stick out the tongue. Which cranial nerve (CN) is being tested?
- A. VII (facial)
- B. I (olfactory)
- C. IV (trochlear)
- D. XII (hypoglossal)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal) controls tongue movement and is tested when a patient is asked to stick out the tongue. Cranial nerves I, IV, and VII are involved in smell, eye movement, and facial expression, respectively. Assessing CN XII is important for evaluating motor function of the tongue.
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The change in electrical charge that occurs in a neuron when a nerve impulse is transmitted is known as the:
- A. action potential
- B. synaptic change
- C. refractory period
- D. ionic charge
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An action potential is the rapid change in electrical charge that occurs in a neuron when a nerve impulse is transmitted. This process involves the depolarization of the neuron's membrane, where sodium ions rush into the cell, followed by repolarization, where potassium ions exit the cell. The action potential is the basis for neural communication and allows signals to travel quickly along the axon to the synapse, where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with other neurons.
A week following a spinal cord injury at T2, a patient experiences movement in his leg and tells the nurse that he is recovering some function. What is the nurse's best response to the patient?
- A. It is really still too soon to know if you will have a return of function.'
- B. That could be a really positive finding. Can you show me the movement?'
- C. That's wonderful. We will start exercising your legs more frequently now.'
- D. I'm sorry but the movement is only a reflex and does not indicate normal function.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Further evaluation is needed to confirm functional recovery.
Which of the following can NOT be prevented with a vaccine?
- A. tetanus
- B. pneumococcal meningitis
- C. meningococcal meningitis
- D. listeriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: listeriosis. Listeriosis is caused by a bacterium and there is currently no vaccine available for it. Tetanus, pneumococcal meningitis, and meningococcal meningitis, on the other hand, are all preventable with vaccines. Tetanus is prevented by the DTaP vaccine, pneumococcal meningitis by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and meningococcal meningitis by the meningococcal vaccine. Therefore, listeriosis is the only condition among the options that cannot be prevented with a vaccine.
A patient taking ibuprofen (Motrin) for treatment of OA has good pain relief but is experiencing increased dyspepsia and nausea with the drug's use. The nurse consults the patient's primary care provider about doing what?
- A. Adding misoprostol (Cytotec) to the patient's drug regimen
- B. Substituting naproxen (Naprosyn) for the ibuprofen (Motrin)
- C. Returning to the use of acetaminophen but at a dose of 5 g/day instead of 4 g/day
- D. Administering the ibuprofen with antacids to decrease the gastrointestinal (GI) irritation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Misoprostol protects the GI tract.
A patient who had a below-the-knee amputation is to be fitted with a temporary prosthesis. It is most important for the nurse to teach the patient to do what?
- A. Inspect the residual limb daily for irritation.
- B. Apply an elastic shrinker before applying the prosthesis.
- C. Perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises to the affected leg four times a day.
- D. Apply alcohol to the residual limb every morning and evening to toughen the skin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shrinkers help mold the residual limb for the prosthesis.