Nokea
Crutchfield tongs are inserted into Joe's scalp and 20 lb of weight are attached to the traction. The main goals of this treatment measure are to
- A. prevent head movement and reduce cerebral complications
- B. limit body movement and reduce edema
- C. immobilize the spine and reduce the fracture
- D. prevent development of autonomic dysreflexia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immobilization helps stabilize the spine and reduce fractures.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is a common neurotransmitter?
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. GABA
- C. Serotonin
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine, GABA, and serotonin are all common neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine is involved in muscle activation and memory, GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability, and serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. The diversity of neurotransmitters allows for complex regulation of nervous system functions.
In most cases, when diagnosing a neurological disorder such as dementia, the clinician will endeavour to classify it according to its cause. Which of the following is a specific cause that has been identified?:
- A. Alzheimer's Disease.
- B. Pick's Disease.
- C. Parkinson's Disease.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurological disorders like dementia can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Pick's disease is a rare form of dementia associated with frontotemporal lobe degeneration, while Parkinson's disease can lead to dementia due to the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons.
Which technique is used to assess the cerebellum?
- A. Application of a pointed tip of a paper clip to lightly prick various areas of the upper and lower extremities for pain
- B. Having the patient walk on the heels and hen on the toes to test for balance
- C. With the patient's eyes closed, grasping his or her finger or toe and moving its position up or down to determine if the patient perceives that the digit has moved
- D. Having the patient lie supine and flex the hips and knees to test for mobility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessing the cerebellum involves testing balance and coordination. Having the patient walk on their heels and toes evaluates cerebellar function. Pain sensation, proprioception, and mobility are assessed through other techniques.
The patient asks, 'What does the doctor mean when he says that I have an avulsion fracture in my leg? I thought I had a sprain!' What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. It is a fracture with more than two fragments
- B. It means that a ligament pulled a bone fragment loose
- C. The line of the fracture is twisted along the shaft of the bone
- D. The line of the fracture is at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An avulsion fracture occurs when a ligament or tendon pulls a piece of bone away from its main body.
A 71-year-old patient has had PD for 8 years and is currently taking pramipexole 1.5 mg three times a day and carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg four times a day. His wife claims that he is complaining of seeing spiders and bugs running across the floor and imaginary children in their house. The first thing to do is:
- A. Increase the pramipexole dose.
- B. Reduce the pramipexole dose.
- C. Increase the carbidopa/levodopa dose.
- D. Reduce the carbidopa/levodopa dose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hallucinations in PD patients are often a side effect of dopamine agonists like pramipexole. Reducing the dose can help alleviate these symptoms.