Nokea
A newborn weighing 7 pounds at birth should be expected to weigh pounds by one year of age.
Correct Answer: 21 pounds
Rationale: Newborns typically triple their birth weight by one year. 7 lbs × 3 = 21 lbs.
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A client is admitted with symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis. Which finding is associated with Clostridium difficile?
- A. Diarrhea containing blood and mucus
- B. Cough, fever, and shortness of breath
- C. Anorexia, weight loss, and fever
- D. Development of ulcers on the lower extremities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis, characterized by diarrhea with blood and mucus due to toxin-mediated inflammation of the colon.
Which of the following blood gas parameters primarily reflects respiratory function?
- A. PCO2
- B. CO2 content of the blood
- C. HCO3
- D. Base excess
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The lungs are responsible for regulation of CO2, and this parameter primarily reflects respiratory function.
When discussing the relationship between exercise and insulin requirements, a 26-year-old client with IDDM should be instructed that:
- A. When exercise is increased, insulin needs are increased
- B. When exercise is increased, insulin needs are decreased
- C. When exercise is increased, there is no change in insulin needs
- D. When exercise is decreased, insulin needs are decreased
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exercise decreased the blood sugar by promoting uptake of glucose by the muscles. Consequently, less insulin is needed to metabolize ingested carbohydrates. Extra food may be required for extra activity.
The nurse would assess the client's correct understanding of the fertility awareness methods that enhance conception, if the client stated that:
- A. My sexual partner and I should have intercourse when my cervical mucosa is thick and cloudy.'
- B. At ovulation, my basal body temperature should rise about 0.5F.'
- C. I should douche immediately after intercourse.'
- D. My sexual partner and I should have sexual intercourse on day 14 of my cycle regardless of the length of the cycle.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A slight rise in basal body temperature (about 0.5°F) after ovulation, due to progesterone, indicates correct understanding of fertility awareness.
A client at 6 months' gestation complains of tiredness and dizziness. Her hemoglobin level is 10 g/dL, and her hematocrit value is 32%. Her nutritional intake is assessed as sufficient. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Iron-deficiency anemia
- B. Physiological anemia
- C. Fatigue due to stress
- D. No problem indicated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This clinical situation is indicative of iron-deficiency anemia because the client has inadequate nutritional intake. Her blood volume is increasing faster than her red blood cell volume. Anemia is present in the second trimester when the hemoglobin level is <10.5 and the hematocrit value falls below 35%. She needs increased iron supplements with follow-up. The client's values are below levels for physiological anemia. The client is fatigued because of a low hemoglobin level. Her hemoglobin level is low and will probably decrease even more when the blood volume peaks at 28 weeks.