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A nurse asks, "What is meant by 'internal' customers?" The correct response is: (select all that apply)
- A. insurance companies
- B. accreditors such as The Joint Commission
- C. X-ray technicians
- D. clinical pharmacist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: X-ray technicians. Internal customers refer to individuals or departments within the same organization who rely on each other's services to fulfill their roles effectively. X-ray technicians work within the healthcare facility and depend on other staff like nurses for patient care coordination. Insurance companies (A) and accreditors (B) are external entities. Clinical pharmacists (D) are also internal, but X-ray technicians have a direct service-dependency relationship with nurses in healthcare settings, making them the most relevant internal customers in this context.
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A group of nurses is presenting the importance of high-quality care during a system- wide meeting of medical-surgical nurses. They point out a finding of the Quality Chasm that:
- A. being insured has little effect on a person's longevity and the quality of care received.
- B. lobbyists for the drug companies are able to gain permission for the use of new drugs within 1 year of their discovery.
- C. although a greater number of lawsuits stem from medication errors, more people actually die from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS).
- D. medication-related errors place a tremendous financial burden on the U.S. health care system.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: medication-related errors place a tremendous financial burden on the U.S. health care system. This answer is correct because medication errors contribute significantly to healthcare costs due to increased hospitalizations, prolonged treatments, and legal expenses. The Quality Chasm report highlights the economic impact of medication errors on the healthcare system, emphasizing the need for improved medication safety practices.
Option A is incorrect because being insured does have a positive impact on a person's access to healthcare services and quality of care. Option B is incorrect as it does not relate to the Quality Chasm findings. Option C is incorrect as it focuses on the comparison of lawsuits and mortality rates related to medication errors and HIV/AIDS, which is not the primary focus of the Quality Chasm report.
A concerned nursing student calls the office of an elected official to voice support for the bill to ban smoking in all public places. The secretary asks, "Are you a constituent?" What does the term constituent mean?
- A. A member of a professional organization who supports the organization's political issue
- B. A citizen who is registered and is eligible to vote for a representative
- C. An elected official who proposes legislation to be considered as a potential law
- D. A member of the House of Representatives who is seeking support for a particular bill
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a constituent refers to a citizen who is registered and eligible to vote for a representative. In this scenario, the nursing student is calling the office of an elected official, indicating that they are a citizen who can vote for that official.
Choice A is incorrect as it refers to a member of a professional organization, not a citizen eligible to vote. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to an elected official, not a citizen. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a member of the House of Representatives, not a citizen eligible to vote.
A client asks the nurse, "Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social Security Act?" The nurse responds that Medicare:
- A. led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care hospital's based nursing care.
- B. provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who were not eligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses such as cancer.
- C. provided preventive care for women, infants, and children.
- D. ensured that individuals ages 65 and older and those with end-stage renal disease or permanent disabilities had health care insurance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Medicare is a federal health insurance program that primarily covers individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities. This answer aligns with the original intent and purpose of Medicare as established by the Social Security Act amendment.
Explanation:
1. Medicare was established to provide health insurance for specific groups, including individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities.
2. The program was not designed to lead to hospital closings or decrease nursing care, as stated in choice A.
3. Choice B is incorrect because Medicare does not specifically target younger adults or children with catastrophic illnesses.
4. Choice C is incorrect because while Medicare may cover preventive care for certain populations, its primary focus is on providing insurance for specific age groups and individuals with specific health conditions.
When first diagnosed with Parkinson disease, how can the patient and family best avoid future ethical dilemmas concerning the patient's care?
- A. Work with the patient and family to create an advanced plan of care.
- B. Explain to the family that the patient's cognitive function will deteriorate as time passes.
- C. Discuss the patient's religious and spiritual concerns to identify potential problems.
- D. Identify which family members will be in control of decision making for the patient.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Work with the patient and family to create an advanced plan of care. This is the best way to avoid ethical dilemmas because it involves proactive decision-making and communication among all parties involved. By creating an advanced plan of care, the patient and family can outline the patient's preferences, values, and goals for future care, ensuring that decisions align with the patient's wishes. This helps prevent potential conflicts and ensures that everyone is on the same page regarding the patient's care.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Explaining cognitive decline does not directly address how to avoid ethical dilemmas and may cause unnecessary distress.
C: Discussing religious and spiritual concerns is important but may not specifically address future ethical dilemmas related to care decisions.
D: Identifying family members in control of decision-making does not necessarily prevent ethical dilemmas and may overlook the patient's autonomy and preferences.
A patient with complicated diabetes is scheduled for a below the knee amputation at 7 AM. The surgical team adheres to the 2012 National Patient Safety Goals by implementing which protocols? (select all that apply)
- A. The surgical team asks the patient to verify his or her name, type of surgery, and limb to be removed.
- B. Ask each member of the surgical team to provide a copy of licensure and, if applicable, certification to patient and family.
- C. The surgical team uses the chart number and name/hospital number to ensure they have the correct patient.
- D. Mark the procedure site with "X" and again ask the patient to verify correct site.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it aligns with the 2012 National Patient Safety Goals, specifically the goal of improving the accuracy of patient identification. By asking the patient to confirm their name, type of surgery, and limb to be removed, the surgical team is ensuring that they have the correct patient and are performing the correct procedure. This protocol helps prevent errors and ensures patient safety.
Option B is incorrect because asking for licensure and certification does not directly relate to patient safety or accurate patient identification.
Option C is incorrect because relying solely on chart numbers or hospital numbers may not be sufficient to prevent errors in patient identification.
Option D is incorrect because while marking the procedure site is important, relying solely on the patient to verify the correct site may not be as effective as having the healthcare team confirm this information with the patient.