Nokea
A nurse caring for a pregnant client should be aware that the U.S. birth rate shows what trend?
- A. Births to unmarried women are more likely to have less favorable outcomes.
- B. Birth rates for women 40 to 44 years of age are declining
- C. Cigarette smoking among pregnant women continues to increase.
- D. Rates of pregnancy and abortion among teenagers are lower in the United States than in any other industrialized country.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: LBW infants and preterm births are more likely because of the large number of teenagers in the unmarried group.
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At the present time, which agency governs surrogate parenting?
- A. State law
- B. Federal law
- C. Individual court decision
- D. Protective child services
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: State law. Surrogate parenting laws are primarily regulated at the state level in the United States. Each state has its own laws and regulations regarding the legality and requirements of surrogate parenting arrangements. Federal law does not specifically govern surrogate parenting. While individual court decisions may impact specific cases, they do not set overarching regulations for surrogate parenting. Protective child services focus on the welfare and protection of children in cases of abuse or neglect, not on the legality of surrogate parenting arrangements. Thus, state law is the correct answer as it is the primary authority governing surrogate parenting.
What is a risk factor for breast cancer?
- A. menarche at age 15
- B. family history of diabetes
- C. alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day
- D. history of three vaginal births by age 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day. Alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Alcohol can raise estrogen levels in the body, thereby increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. Menarche at age 15 (choice A) is not a risk factor as early menarche is associated with a slightly decreased risk. Family history of diabetes (choice B) and history of three vaginal births by age 25 (choice D) are not directly linked to breast cancer risk.
Which patient may require more help and understanding when integrating the newborn into the family?
- A. A primipara from an upper income family
- B. A primipara who comes from a large family
- C. A multipara (gravida 2) who has a supportive husband and mother
- D. A multipara (gravida 6) who has two children younger than 3 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a multipara with six pregnancies and two young children may require more help and understanding due to the potential challenges of caring for multiple young children simultaneously. The presence of two children younger than 3 years old indicates that the mother may be experiencing higher levels of stress and demands on her time and energy. This situation could lead to difficulties in integrating the newborn into the family dynamics.
Choice A is incorrect because being from an upper-income family does not necessarily indicate a need for more help and understanding. Choice B is incorrect because coming from a large family does not directly correlate with requiring more assistance when integrating a newborn. Choice C is incorrect because having a supportive husband and mother can provide valuable assistance and may not necessarily indicate a greater need for help compared to the scenario described in choice D.
A married couple is discussing alternatives for pregnancy prevention and has asked about fertility awareness methods (FAMs). Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. They're not very effective, and it is very likely that you'll get pregnant.
- B. FAMs can be effective for many couples; however, they require motivation.
- C. These methods have a few advantages and several health risks.
- D. You would be much safer going on the pill and not having to worry.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: FAMs are effective with proper vigilance about ovulatory changes in the body and adherence to coitus intervals. They are effective if correctly used by a woman with a regular menstrual cycle.
A nurse is teaching a client who is to start using a diaphragm for contraception. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will leave the diaphragm in place for 4 hours following intercourse.
- B. I will remove the diaphragm by catching the rim below the dome with my forefinger.
- C. I will place a thin layer of mineral oil on the diaphragm once per week.
- D. I will place 2 teaspoons of spermicide on the inside of the diaphragm before inserting it.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spermicide should be applied before inserting the diaphragm to maximize contraceptive effectiveness.