Nokea
A nurse educator is giving a presentation on hypothalamic hormones. Which of the following hypothalamic hormones when stimulated is controlled by another hypothalamic hormone?
- A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- B. Corticotropin-releasing hormone
- C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- D. Growth hormone-releasing hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is regulated by another hypothalamic hormone, somatostatin, which inhibits its release.
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Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Adenohypophysis
- C. Thyroid
- D. Adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pancreas. The pancreas secretes insulin to decrease blood glucose levels and glucagon to elevate blood glucose levels. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose for energy, while glucagon triggers the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Adenohypophysis (B) secretes various hormones but not related to blood glucose regulation. Thyroid (C) secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly impacting blood glucose levels. Adrenal cortex (D) secretes hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, which are not primarily involved in blood glucose regulation.
When caring for a diabetic client at night, the only symptom of insulin shock that a nurse might observe is
- A. dry mucous membranes
- B. acetone breath
- C. flushed appearance
- D. diaphoresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common symptom of insulin shock or hypoglycemia is diaphoresis (sweating), which is a result of the body's stress response to low blood glucose levels.
The patient with diabetes insipidus is brought to the emergency department with confusion and dehydration after excretion of a large volume of urine today even though several liters of fluid were drunk. What is a diagnostic test that the nurse should expect to be done to help make a diagnosis?
- A. Blood glucose
- B. Serum sodium level
- C. Urine specific gravity
- D. Computed tomography (CT) of the head
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urine specific gravity is typically low in diabetes insipidus due to excessive urine output and inability to concentrate urine.
T3 and T4:
- A. stimulate the adenohypophysis to secrete TSH.
- B. regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
- C. stimulate osteoclastic activity, thereby elevating plasma calcium levels.
- D. all is applicable.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
2. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism.
3. T3 and T4 directly influence the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
4. An increase in T3 and T4 levels leads to an increase in BMR.
5. Therefore, choice B is correct as T3 and T4 regulate the basal metabolic rate.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
- Choice A (stimulate the adenohypophysis to secrete TSH) is incorrect as TSH is produced by the pituitary gland, not affected by T3 and T4.
- Choice C (stimulate osteoclastic activity, thereby elevating plasma calcium levels) is incorrect as this function is primarily attributed to parathyroid hormone, not T3 and T4.
- Choice D (all is applicable) is incorrect as only choice B
A drug useful in the treatment of acute attack of migraine is:
- A. Sumatriptan
- B. Ergometrine
- C. Dihydroergometrine
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sumatriptan is the correct answer for treating acute migraine attacks as it is a specific serotonin receptor agonist that helps constrict blood vessels in the brain. Ergometrine and dihydroergometrine are ergot alkaloids used for other conditions, not migraine. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for migraine prevention, not acute attacks.