Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?
- A. maintain homeostasis
- B. influence metabolism
- C. influence growth and development
- D. breaking down nutrients
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: breaking down nutrients. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in the body. Hormones do not directly break down nutrients; instead, they regulate the processes involved in nutrient breakdown. A: maintaining homeostasis is a function of hormones as they help regulate internal balance. B: influencing metabolism is a function of hormones as they regulate energy production and utilization. C: influencing growth and development is a function of hormones as they play a crucial role in the growth and maturation of cells and tissues.
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In the emergency department, during initial assessment of a new admission with diabetes, you discover all of the following. Which information should you immediately report to the physician?
- A. Hammertoe of the left second metatarsophalangeal joint
- B. Rapid respiratory rate with deep inspirations
- C. Numbness and tingling bilaterally in feet and hands
- D. Decreased sensitivity and swelling of the abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid respiratory rate with deep inspirations may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or another metabolic disturbance and requires immediate intervention.
Which of the following explains the suppression of lactation during pregnancy?
- A. Blood prolactin levels are too low for milk production to occur
- B. Human placental lactogen levels are too low for milk production to occur
- C. The fetal adrenal gland does not produce sufficient estriol
- D. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone are high
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. During pregnancy, high levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit lactation by suppressing the release of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. Estrogen and progesterone maintain the pregnancy and prevent premature labor, so the body prioritizes their functions over lactation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because low blood prolactin levels, human placental lactogen levels, and fetal adrenal gland's estriol production are not directly related to the suppression of lactation during pregnancy.
Terbutaline specifically stimulates:
- A. Alpha1 receptors
- B. Alpha2 receptors
- C. Beta1 receptors
- D. Beta2 receptors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Terbutaline specifically stimulates Beta2 receptors. This leads to bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscles in the airways. Beta2 receptors are predominantly found in the lungs. Option A and B are incorrect as terbutaline does not target Alpha receptors. Option C is incorrect as terbutaline does not primarily stimulate Beta1 receptors, which are mainly found in the heart.
The female patient is admitted with a new diagnosis of Cushing syndrome with elevated serum and urine cortisol levels. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to see in this patient?
- A. Hair loss and moon face
- B. Decreased weight and hirsutism
- C. Decreased muscle mass and thick skin
- D. Elevated blood pressure and blood glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In Cushing syndrome, elevated cortisol levels often lead to elevated blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
The target organs of ADH are the:
- A. adrenal cortex and liver
- B. kidney and blood vessels
- C. liver and kidney
- D. pituitary and thyroid glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: kidney and blood vessels. ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, acts on the kidney to regulate water reabsorption and maintain fluid balance in the body. It also acts on blood vessels to regulate blood pressure. The other choices are incorrect because ADH does not target the adrenal cortex, liver, pituitary gland, or thyroid gland specifically for its primary functions. ADH primarily acts on the kidney and blood vessels to regulate water balance and blood pressure in the body.