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A nurse explains ovulation induction medications to a patient. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Medications ensure the release of multiple eggs per cycle.
- B. Medications can occasionally lead to mild abdominal discomfort.
- C. Medications increase the hormonal signals for egg maturation and release.
- D. Medications eliminate the need for timed intercourse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because ovulation induction medications work by increasing the hormonal signals that stimulate egg maturation and release. This is crucial for patients struggling with infertility. Choice A is incorrect because the goal is not necessarily to release multiple eggs per cycle, but rather to ensure the release of a healthy egg. Choice B is incorrect as mild abdominal discomfort is not a primary concern with these medications. Choice D is incorrect because timed intercourse is often still recommended to maximize the chances of conception even with the use of ovulation induction medications.
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What is the purpose of endometrial biopsy in fertility evaluations?
- A. To determine ovarian reserve and egg quality.
- B. To assess the receptivity of the uterine lining for implantation.
- C. To measure hormone levels in the bloodstream.
- D. To monitor embryo development after IVF.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To assess the receptivity of the uterine lining for implantation. Endometrial biopsy is performed to evaluate the quality of the uterine lining and its ability to support embryo implantation. By examining the endometrial tissue, doctors can assess factors such as thickness, pattern, and receptivity, crucial for successful implantation and pregnancy.
Incorrect choices:
A: To determine ovarian reserve and egg quality - Endometrial biopsy does not provide information on ovarian reserve or egg quality.
C: To measure hormone levels in the bloodstream - Endometrial biopsy does not measure hormone levels in the bloodstream; instead, it focuses on the uterine lining.
D: To monitor embryo development after IVF - Endometrial biopsy is not used to monitor embryo development; it is primarily for assessing uterine receptivity.
A woman who is a carrier for sickle cell anemia is advised that if her baby has two recessive genes, the penetrance of the disease is 100%, but the expressivity is variable. Which of the following explanations will clarify this communication for the mother? All babies with 2 recessive sickle cell genes will:
- A. Develop painful vaso-occlusive crises during their first year of life.
- B. Exhibit at least some signs of the disease while in the neonatal nursery.
- C. Show some symptoms of the disease but the severity of the symptoms will be individual.
- D. Be diagnosed with sickle cell trait but will be healthy and disease-free throughout their lives.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Individuals with two recessive genes will have the disease, but symptom severity varies.
A nurse working with an infertile couple has made the following nursing diagnosis: Sexual dysfunction related to decreased libido. Which of the following assessments is the likely reason for this diagnosis?
- A. The couple has established a set schedule for their sexual encounters.
- B. The couple has been married for more than eight years.
- C. The couple lives with one set of parents.
- D. The couple has close friends who gave birth to a baby within the past year.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A rigid schedule for sexual activity can contribute to decreased libido and sexual dysfunction.
A 36-year-old female patient presents to the reproductive medicine clinic for a follow-up appointment. Laboratory results indicate diminished ovarian reserve, and her partner's semen analysis is normal. Which infertility options may be appropriate for this client?
- A. Donor oocytes
- B. Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate
- C. Follitropin injections to stimulate ovarian follicles
- D. In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Donor oocytes. Diminished ovarian reserve implies reduced quantity and quality of eggs, making natural conception challenging. Donor oocytes offer a viable option for achieving pregnancy.
B: Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate may not be effective if ovarian reserve is significantly diminished.
C: Follitropin injections stimulate the patient's own ovarian follicles, which may not be successful if ovarian reserve is low.
D: In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer require viable eggs from the patient, which may be limited in cases of diminished ovarian reserve.
What is the purpose of embryo freezing in fertility treatments?
- A. To eliminate the need for future egg retrieval cycles.
- B. To store embryos for future use, preserving fertility options.
- C. To improve the genetic quality of embryos before transfer.
- D. To avoid the use of hormonal treatments during IVF.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Embryo freezing in fertility treatments allows for the storage of embryos for future use, preserving fertility options. This is important in case the initial IVF cycle is unsuccessful or if the individual wants to have more children later on. Freezing embryos also enables individuals to avoid repeated egg retrieval cycles, saving time, cost, and potential risks associated with the procedure. Additionally, it allows for the preservation of younger and healthier embryos, optimizing the chances of successful pregnancy in the future. The other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the primary purpose of embryo freezing in fertility treatments, which is to provide individuals with the option to use stored embryos in the future.