Nokea
A nurse instructing a group of parents about safety rules for infants and young children should include which of the following measures in the teaching plan?
- A. Remove plants from the child's reach.
- B. Provide the infant with a pillow at night.
- C. Use a plastic covering on the infant's mattress.
- D. Keep the crib sides up and set the mattress at the highest setting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Safety rules for infants and young children include keeping the crib sides up and the mattress set at the lowest setting, never using plastic bags or coverings on mattresses or near the infant's playthings, avoiding the use of pillows with small infants, and removing plants from the child's reach.
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A child who is able to use a systematic scientific problem-solving approach is in which of the Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational thought
- C. Formal operational thought
- D. Concrete operational thought
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development includes the ability to use a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach.
A child who has just begun to demonstrate object permanence is in which of the Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational thought
- C. Formal operational thought
- D. Concrete operational thought
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world; this period begins with reflexes and coordinates sensorimotor skills. While in this stage, a child learns that an object still exists when it is out of sight (object permanence).
What is known as the last stage in the life cycle?
- A. Expectant stage
- B. Senescence stage
- C. Establishment stage
- D. Disengagement stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The senescence stage is the last stage of the life cycle, which requires the individual to cope with a large range of changes. For the older adult the family unit continues to be a major source of satisfaction and pleasure. Most older adults prefer to live independently.
Erikson identifies intimacy as a developmental task of adulthood. What will occur if intimacy is not established?
- A. Inferiority
- B. Isolation
- C. Mistrust
- D. Guilt
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intimacy versus isolation is a developmental task of adulthood.
A nurse assessing a 2-month-old infant would expect the infant to do which of the following?
- A. Crawl on the floor.
- B. Creep on the floor.
- C. Sit up steadily without support.
- D. Hold its head up while in the prone position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At 2 months the infant is able to hold the head up while in the prone position. Infants may crawl at 7 months and creep at about 9 months. By the end of the seventh month, infants can sit up steadily without support.