Nokea
A 5-year-old who has an imaginary friend with whom he converses frequently is displaying characteristics consistent with which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
- A. Operational stage
- B. Preoperational stage
- C. Formal operations stage
- D. Concrete operations stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Piaget's preoperational stage describes the preschooler as imaginative and egocentric, believing in magical thinking.
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What is the stage of family development that extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child?
- A. Expectant stage
- B. Parenthood stage
- C. Establishment stage
- D. Engagement/commitment stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The establishment stage extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child. During this phase, one of the important tasks is the adjustment from the single independent to the married, interdependent state. The challenges facing the newly married couple include learning to live with another person, decision making, conflict resolution, and communication.
What is the family pattern in which the relationships are unequal and the parents attempt to control the children with strict rigid rules and expectations?
- A. Autocratic family pattern
- B. Patriarchal family pattern
- C. Matriarchal family pattern
- D. Democratic family pattern
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the autocratic family pattern the relationships are unequal. The parents attempt to control the children with strict, rigid rules and expectations. This family pattern is least open to outside influence.
What is known as the last stage in the life cycle?
- A. Expectant stage
- B. Senescence stage
- C. Establishment stage
- D. Disengagement stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The senescence stage is the last stage of the life cycle, which requires the individual to cope with a large range of changes. For the older adult the family unit continues to be a major source of satisfaction and pleasure. Most older adults prefer to live independently.
How can a family best assist a toddler who is attempting to feed himself?
- A. Encourage the child to use a fork.
- B. Feed the child themselves using a fork.
- C. Encourage large portions for easier handling.
- D. Offer the child finger foods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Toddlers need to develop autonomy and do things for themselves in a trial-and-error method. Finger foods allow the child a feeling of independence.
The home health nurse assesses an older adult's respiratory function carefully because age-related changes in the respiratory system could result in which of the following?
- A. Vital capacity
- B. Susceptibility to respiratory infections
- C. Expiratory capacity due to increased chest size
- D. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Older adults are more susceptible to respiratory infections.