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A nurse is assessing a child who is suspected of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following would the nurse identify as reflecting impulsiveness in the child?
- A. Inability to wait his turn
- B. Restlessness
- C. Difficulty completing a task
- D. Risk-taking behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inability to wait one?s turn is a hallmark of impulsiveness in ADHD, as it reflects acting without forethought. Option B (restlessness) relates to hyperactivity, and option C (difficulty completing tasks) reflects inattention. Option D (risk-taking) may occur but is less specific to impulsiveness than waiting difficulties.
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The nurse is counseling a parent whose child has a communication disorder. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize when teaching the parent about this disorder?
- A. Providing the child with nonverbal activities
- B. Initiating conversations with the child frequently
- C. Stopping the child?s conversation if stuttering begins
- D. Asking the physician for medication to improve the child?s speech
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Initiating frequent conversations encourages communication practice and skill development, which is key for managing communication disorders. Option A may be helpful but is less central than verbal interaction. Option C is counterproductive, as interrupting stuttering can increase anxiety. Option D is inappropriate, as medication is not typically indicated for communication disorders like stuttering.
The parents of a child with ADHD bring the child for a follow-up visit. During the visit, they tell the nurse that the child receives his first dose of methylphenidate (Ritalin) at about 7:30 AM every morning before leaving for school. The teacher and school nurse have noticed a return in the child?s overactivity and distractibility just before lunch. The child?s second dose is scheduled for about 12 noon. Which of the following might the nurse suggest as a possible solution to control the child?s symptoms a bit more effectively?
- A. Giving the second dose at 1 PM or later.
- B. Switching to a longer acting preparation.
- C. Splitting the early morning dose in half.
- D. Switching to another class of medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Switching to a longer-acting preparation of methylphenidate can provide more consistent symptom control throughout the morning, addressing the return of symptoms before lunch. Delaying the second dose (option A) may prolong symptoms, splitting the dose (option C) may not provide adequate coverage, and switching medication classes (option D) is unnecessary without further evaluation.
The nurse is counseling a family whose child has autism. When describing this condition, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Connection to ineffective parental practices
- B. Detection after the child enters school
- C. Onset before child is 2.5 years old
- D. Girls are more frequently affected than boys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by symptoms that typically appear before the age of 3, often by 2.5 years, including challenges in social interaction and communication. Option A is incorrect, as autism is not caused by parenting practices but is neurodevelopmental. Option B is misleading, as detection often occurs before school age. Option D is false, as boys are more frequently affected than girls.
A nurse is assessing an 8-year-old girl with a mood disorder. Which of the following would the nurse most likely expect to assess?
- A. Statement from the child that she feels sad
- B. Behavioral problems
- C. Recurrent obsessions
- D. Ritualistic behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mood disorders in children, such as depression, often present with verbalized feelings of sadness (option A). Behavioral problems (option B) may occur but are less specific. Options C and D are more characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder, not a mood disorder.
A group of nurses is reviewing medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify methylphenidate as which of the following?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- B. Psychostimulant
- C. Noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor
- D. Alpha agonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant used to treat ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels to improve attention and impulse control. Option A (SSRI) is for depression, option C (noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor) describes drugs like atomoxetine, and option D (alpha agonist) includes drugs like clonidine.