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The nurse is giving a presentation comparing and contrasting autism disorder and Asperger syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse include as differentiating Asperger syndrome from autism disorder?
- A. Children typically do not engage in stereotypic behavior.
- B. They display age-appropriate intelligence.
- C. The children often reverse pronouns when speaking.
- D. They appear aloof and indifferent to others.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asperger syndrome is distinguished from autism by the presence of age-appropriate intelligence and language development, though social challenges persist. Option A is incorrect, as stereotypic behaviors may still occur in Asperger?s. Option C is more typical of autism, not Asperger?s. Option D applies to both conditions and does not differentiate them.
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A 12-year-old child is brought to the mental health clinic by his parents because of a court-ordered evaluation. When assessing the child, which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the child has a conduct disorder? Select all that apply.
- A. Destruction of neighbor?s car on two separate occasions
- B. Arrests for petty larceny several times
- C. Repetitive disobedience of parents
- D. Blaming of others for problems
- E. Evidence of overt lying
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Conduct disorder involves persistent patterns of behavior that violate societal norms or others? rights. Destruction of property (A), petty larceny (B), disobedience (C), blaming others (D), and lying (E) are all indicative of conduct disorder, as they reflect aggression, deceit, and rule-breaking.
A nurse is assessing a child who is suspected of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following would the nurse identify as reflecting impulsiveness in the child?
- A. Inability to wait his turn
- B. Restlessness
- C. Difficulty completing a task
- D. Risk-taking behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inability to wait one?s turn is a hallmark of impulsiveness in ADHD, as it reflects acting without forethought. Option B (restlessness) relates to hyperactivity, and option C (difficulty completing tasks) reflects inattention. Option D (risk-taking) may occur but is less specific to impulsiveness than waiting difficulties.
The nurse is counseling a family whose child has autism. When describing this condition, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Connection to ineffective parental practices
- B. Detection after the child enters school
- C. Onset before child is 2.5 years old
- D. Girls are more frequently affected than boys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by symptoms that typically appear before the age of 3, often by 2.5 years, including challenges in social interaction and communication. Option A is incorrect, as autism is not caused by parenting practices but is neurodevelopmental. Option B is misleading, as detection often occurs before school age. Option D is false, as boys are more frequently affected than girls.
The nurse is preparing to initiate a behavioral treatment program for a child with encopresis. Which of the following would the nurse most likely implement first?
- A. Administration of mineral oil
- B. Bowel Cleansing
- C. Low-fiber diet
- D. Toilet sitting after each meal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For encopresis, the first step is typically bowel cleansing to address any fecal impaction, which can contribute to involuntary soiling. Mineral oil (option A) or toilet sitting (option D) may follow, and a low-fiber diet (option C) is counterproductive, as high fiber is preferred.
The parents of a child with ADHD bring the child for a follow-up visit. During the visit, they tell the nurse that the child receives his first dose of methylphenidate (Ritalin) at about 7:30 AM every morning before leaving for school. The teacher and school nurse have noticed a return in the child?s overactivity and distractibility just before lunch. The child?s second dose is scheduled for about 12 noon. Which of the following might the nurse suggest as a possible solution to control the child?s symptoms a bit more effectively?
- A. Giving the second dose at 1 PM or later.
- B. Switching to a longer acting preparation.
- C. Splitting the early morning dose in half.
- D. Switching to another class of medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Switching to a longer-acting preparation of methylphenidate can provide more consistent symptom control throughout the morning, addressing the return of symptoms before lunch. Delaying the second dose (option A) may prolong symptoms, splitting the dose (option C) may not provide adequate coverage, and switching medication classes (option D) is unnecessary without further evaluation.