Nokea
After teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with ADHD about the disorder and its treatment, the nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the parents state which of the following?
- A. We need to remember that our son is not a bad kid; he just has difficulty with impulse control and attention.
- B. We need to be careful so he doesn?t develop a substance abuse problem as he grows older.
- C. We should stop the medication after 2 months to see how effective it is in really controlling his symptoms.
- D. We should set up regular routines for him but not worry if he violates the limits once in a while.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement in option A reflects an accurate understanding of ADHD as a disorder of impulse control and attention, not a reflection of the child?s character, indicating effective teaching. Option B is a concern but not directly related to core understanding. Option C is incorrect, as stopping medication abruptly is not advisable. Option D is partially correct but downplays the importance of consistent limits.
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The nurse is counseling a parent whose child has a communication disorder. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize when teaching the parent about this disorder?
- A. Providing the child with nonverbal activities
- B. Initiating conversations with the child frequently
- C. Stopping the child?s conversation if stuttering begins
- D. Asking the physician for medication to improve the child?s speech
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Initiating frequent conversations encourages communication practice and skill development, which is key for managing communication disorders. Option A may be helpful but is less central than verbal interaction. Option C is counterproductive, as interrupting stuttering can increase anxiety. Option D is inappropriate, as medication is not typically indicated for communication disorders like stuttering.
The nurse is caring for a family with a 3-year-old child who has autism disorders. When developing the teaching plan for the parents, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. The child is at higher risk for seizure disorders as well.
- B. The child?s IQ will typically be higher than that of other children.
- C. Dyslexia also may be a comorbid condition.
- D. A structured physical environment is an important aspect.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A structured physical environment is critical for children with autism, as it provides predictability and reduces sensory overload, aiding in behavior management and learning. Option A is true but less central to a teaching plan unless seizures are present. Option B is incorrect, as autism is often associated with a range of IQ levels, not necessarily higher. Option C is less relevant, as dyslexia is not a common comorbidity with autism.
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about disruptive behavior disorders. The students demonstrate understanding of the topic when they identify which of the following as an externalizing disorder?
- A. Anxiety
- B. Depression
- C. Schizophrenia
- D. Conduct disorder
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conduct disorder is an externalizing disorder characterized by behaviors like aggression and rule-breaking, which are outwardly directed. Anxiety (option A), depression (option B), and schizophrenia (option C) are internalizing or psychotic disorders, not externalizing.
The nurse is caring for a 3½-year-old child with autism who has been hospitalized. The child rocks continuously without any danger present to the child?s safety. Which intervention by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Continue to monitor the child?s behaviors.
- B. Hold the child until the child stops rocking.
- C. Ignore the child?s rocking behavior.
- D. Place the child in a time out area until the rocking stops.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rocking is a common self-soothing behavior in children with autism and is not harmful in this context. Ignoring the behavior (option C) is most appropriate, as it avoids reinforcing or escalating the behavior while ensuring safety. Option A is passive and less specific. Options B and D could distress the child and are inappropriate for non-harmful behaviors.
A group of nurses is reviewing medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify methylphenidate as which of the following?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- B. Psychostimulant
- C. Noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor
- D. Alpha agonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant used to treat ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels to improve attention and impulse control. Option A (SSRI) is for depression, option C (noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor) describes drugs like atomoxetine, and option D (alpha agonist) includes drugs like clonidine.