Nokea
The nurse is counseling a family whose child has autism. When describing this condition, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Connection to ineffective parental practices
- B. Detection after the child enters school
- C. Onset before child is 2.5 years old
- D. Girls are more frequently affected than boys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by symptoms that typically appear before the age of 3, often by 2.5 years, including challenges in social interaction and communication. Option A is incorrect, as autism is not caused by parenting practices but is neurodevelopmental. Option B is misleading, as detection often occurs before school age. Option D is false, as boys are more frequently affected than girls.
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A 10-year-old child with Tourette?s disorder is receiving haloperidol as part of his treatment plan. When assessing the child at a follow-up visit, which statement by the child would lead the nurse to suspect that he is experiencing a side effect of the drug?
- A. Sometimes I feel like I?m so sleepy.
- B. I?m eating about the same amount as before.
- C. My muscles seem pretty flexible lately.
- D. I think I?m much more alert with this drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Haloperidol, an antipsychotic, commonly causes sedation as a side effect, so the child?s report of feeling sleepy (option A) suggests this. Option B (unchanged eating) and option C (flexible muscles) are not typical side effects. Option D (increased alertness) is opposite to haloperidol?s sedative effect.
The nurse is caring for a family with a 3-year-old child who has autism disorders. When developing the teaching plan for the parents, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. The child is at higher risk for seizure disorders as well.
- B. The child?s IQ will typically be higher than that of other children.
- C. Dyslexia also may be a comorbid condition.
- D. A structured physical environment is an important aspect.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A structured physical environment is critical for children with autism, as it provides predictability and reduces sensory overload, aiding in behavior management and learning. Option A is true but less central to a teaching plan unless seizures are present. Option B is incorrect, as autism is often associated with a range of IQ levels, not necessarily higher. Option C is less relevant, as dyslexia is not a common comorbidity with autism.
The nurse is giving a presentation comparing and contrasting autism disorder and Asperger syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse include as differentiating Asperger syndrome from autism disorder?
- A. Children typically do not engage in stereotypic behavior.
- B. They display age-appropriate intelligence.
- C. The children often reverse pronouns when speaking.
- D. They appear aloof and indifferent to others.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asperger syndrome is distinguished from autism by the presence of age-appropriate intelligence and language development, though social challenges persist. Option A is incorrect, as stereotypic behaviors may still occur in Asperger?s. Option C is more typical of autism, not Asperger?s. Option D applies to both conditions and does not differentiate them.
A group of nurses is reviewing medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify methylphenidate as which of the following?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- B. Psychostimulant
- C. Noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor
- D. Alpha agonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant used to treat ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels to improve attention and impulse control. Option A (SSRI) is for depression, option C (noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor) describes drugs like atomoxetine, and option D (alpha agonist) includes drugs like clonidine.
A nurse is assessing a child who is suspected of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following would the nurse identify as reflecting impulsiveness in the child?
- A. Inability to wait his turn
- B. Restlessness
- C. Difficulty completing a task
- D. Risk-taking behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inability to wait one?s turn is a hallmark of impulsiveness in ADHD, as it reflects acting without forethought. Option B (restlessness) relates to hyperactivity, and option C (difficulty completing tasks) reflects inattention. Option D (risk-taking) may occur but is less specific to impulsiveness than waiting difficulties.