Nokea
A nurse is assessing the fontanels of an 8-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as an expected finding?
- A. The posterior fontanel is open.
- B. The anterior fontanel is open
- C. Both fontanels are the same size.
- D. Both fontanels show molding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anterior fontanel typically remains open until around 18 months of age, while the posterior fontanel usually closes by 2-3 months. Molding is not an expected finding at this age.
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What is the recommended method of screening for group B streptococcus during pregnancy?
- A. Culture of a vaginal swab
- B. Rapid antigen test of a vaginal swab
- C. PCR test of a vaginal swab
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Culture of a vaginal swab is the recommended method for screening for group B streptococcus during pregnancy.
A nurse manager on the labor and delivery unit is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about maternal cytomegalovirus. Which of the following information should the nurse manager include in the teaching?
- A. Mothers will receive prophylactic treatment with acyclovir prior to delivery.
- B. Transmission can occur via the saliva and urine of the newborn.
- C. Lesions are visible on the mother’s genitalia.
- D. This infection requires that airborne precautions be initiated for the newborn.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because cytomegalovirus can be transmitted through bodily fluids like saliva and urine. This is important for the nurses to understand as they care for newborns who may be infected. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Acyclovir is used for herpes simplex virus, not cytomegalovirus, C) Lesions are not typically visible with cytomegalovirus, D) Airborne precautions are not required for cytomegalovirus, and the other choices are not provided.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a vaginal delivery?
- A. Shoulder dystocia
- B. Placenta previa
- C. Umbilical cord prolapse
- D. Cephalopelvic disproportion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Shoulder dystocia. This is a potential complication of vaginal delivery where the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pubic bone. It can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby, such as brachial plexus injury or fetal hypoxia. Shoulder dystocia requires immediate intervention to prevent harm. Placenta previa (B) and umbilical cord prolapse (C) are complications related to the placenta and umbilical cord, not the delivery process itself. Cephalopelvic disproportion (D) refers to the mismatch between the size of the baby's head and the mother's pelvis, which may lead to difficulties in labor but is not a direct complication of vaginal delivery.
What is the recommended method of pain relief during labor for a woman who wants to avoid medication?
- A. Acupuncture
- B. Massage
- C. Water immersion
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Acupuncture, massage, and water immersion are all recommended methods for pain relief during labor for women who want to avoid medication. Acupuncture can help release endorphins, which are natural pain relievers. Massage can reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation. Water immersion, such as in a birthing pool, can provide buoyancy and comfort, easing the intensity of contractions. Each of these methods offers non-pharmacological pain relief options that can be effective during labor. Therefore, choosing all of the above options provides a comprehensive approach to managing pain without medication.
Which of the following is a professional standard for nursing practice in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Interprofessional collaboration
- B. Evidence-based practice
- C. Quality improvement
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Professional standards include interprofessional collaboration, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement.