Nokea
A nurse is assessing the skin of a patient who has been diagnosed with bacterial cellulitis on the dorsal portion of the great toe. When reviewing the patients health history, the nurse should identify what comorbidity as increasing the patients vulnerability to skin infections?
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis
- C. Gout
- D. Diabetes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetes increases susceptibility to skin infections like cellulitis due to impaired immune response and poor wound healing. COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout are less directly related.
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A young student is brought to the school nurse after falling off a swing. The nurse is documenting that the child has bruising on the lateral aspect of the right arm. What term will the nurse use to describe bruising on the skin in documentation?
- A. Telangiectasias
- B. Ecchymoses
- C. Purpura
- D. Urticaria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ecchymoses are bruises, characterized by larger areas of blood extravasation under the skin. Telangiectasias are dilated superficial blood vessels, purpura are pinpoint hemorrhages, and urticaria are wheals or hives.
A young student comes to the school nurse and shows the nurse a mosquito bite. As the nurse expects, the bite is elevated and has serous fluid contained in the dermis. How would the nurse classify this lesion?
- A. Vesicle
- B. Macule
- C. Nodule
- D. Wheal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A wheal is an elevated lesion with serous fluid in the dermis, such as a mosquito bite. Vesicles contain fluid but are circumscribed, macules are flat, and nodules are solid.
A dermatologist has asked the nurse to assist with examination of a patients skin using a Woods light. This test will allow the physician to assess for which of the following?
- A. The presence of minute regions of keloid scarring
- B. Unusual patterns of pigmentation on the patients skin
- C. Vascular lesions that are not visible to the naked eye
- D. The presence of parasites on the epidermis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Woods light helps identify pigmentation patterns, distinguishing epidermal from dermal lesions. It does not detect keloids, vascular lesions, or parasites.
A patient is suspected of developing an allergy to an environmental substance and has been given a patch test. During the test, the patient develops fine blisters, papules, and severe itching. The nurse knows that this is indicative of what strength reaction?
- A. Weak positive
- B. Moderately positive
- C. Strong positive
- D. Severely positive
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fine blisters, papules, and severe itching indicate a moderately positive patch test reaction. Weak positive shows redness and itching, while strong positive includes blisters and ulceration.
A nurse in the emergency department (ED) is triaging a 5-year-old who has been brought to the ED by her parents for an outbreak of urticaria. What would be the most appropriate question to ask this patient and her family?
- A. Has she eaten any new foods today?
- B. Has she bathed in the past 24 hours?
- C. Did she go to a friends house today?
- D. Was she digging in the dirt today?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food allergies are a common cause of urticaria in children. Bathing, visiting friends, or soil exposure are less likely to be relevant triggers.