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A nurse is called to the home of a neighbor and finds an unconscious person still holding a medication bottle labeled pentobarbital sodium. What is the nurse’s first action?
- A. Test reflexes
- B. Check pupils
- C. Initiate vomiting
- D. Establish a patent airway
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Establish a patent airway. The first action in any emergency situation involving an unconscious person is to ensure their airway is open and clear to facilitate breathing. This is crucial for maintaining oxygenation and preventing potential complications like hypoxia. Testing reflexes (A) and checking pupils (B) are important assessments but not the immediate priority in this situation. Initiating vomiting (C) is contraindicated as it can lead to further complications, especially if the person has ingested a potentially harmful substance.
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Currently, the mental health system in the United States focuses on managing client disabilities. It has been suggested that the focus be changed. Which nursing intervention demonstrates an attempt to work toward that recommended focus?
- A. Assessing the depressed client often for suicidal ideations
- B. Teaching stress management techniques to new mothers
- C. Sharing the client's wish that his medications be provided in liquid form if possible
- D. Discussing with the client when his follow-up mental health visit can be scheduled
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because teaching stress management techniques to new mothers promotes prevention and empowerment, aligning with the shift towards preventive mental health care. By educating mothers on managing stress, potential mental health issues can be addressed proactively.
Rationale for other choices:
A: Assessing for suicidal ideations is important for safety but focuses on managing existing disabilities rather than preventive care.
C: Accommodating a client's preference for liquid medications is client-centered care, but does not necessarily shift the focus towards prevention.
D: Scheduling a follow-up visit ensures continuity of care but does not address preventive measures.
A patient who was admitted for a heroin overdose received naloxone (Narcan), which improved the breathing pattern. Two hours later, the patient reports muscle aches, abdominal cramps, gooseflesh and says, 'I feel terrible.' Which analysis is correct?
- A. The patient is exhibiting a prodromal symptom of seizures.
- B. An idiosyncratic reaction to naloxone is occurring.
- C. Symptoms of opiate withdrawal are present.
- D. The patient is experiencing a relapse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct analysis is C: Symptoms of opiate withdrawal are present. The patient's presentation of muscle aches, abdominal cramps, gooseflesh, and feeling terrible are classic symptoms of opiate withdrawal. Naloxone, as an opioid antagonist, reversed the effects of heroin leading to withdrawal symptoms. This is a typical response seen in patients who have been given naloxone to counteract opioid overdose. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not align with the patient's clinical presentation and pharmacological understanding. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no indication that the patient has resumed heroin use.
Your patient attends to see you for a routine visit but mentions his problem dealing with gambling impulses. After probing further, you conclude that the patient is an at-risk gambler. He seems reluctant to admit and does not want to be referred for counselling. You affirm his gambling problem, and should take the following steps EXCEPT:
- A. Advice on limiting the money spent when gambling.
- B. Advice on reducing the time and days spent gambling.
- C. Berate him for his lack of self control.
- D. Discourage the notion of gambling as a means of making money.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Berating the patient is counterproductive and unprofessional; supportive strategies like limiting money and time are more effective.
----things factor into the diagnosis of intellectual disability:
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diagnosis involves 3 factors: IQ, adaptive functioning, and onset before 18.
A -..---disorder is when the quality of the voice changes as it travels through the different-shaped spaces of the throat, nose, and mouth:
- A. Speech sound disorder
- B. Speech disorder
- C. Voice disorder
- D. Resonance Disorders
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Resonance disorders affect voice quality due to nasal or oral cavity issues.