Nokea
A nurse is caring for a 77-year-old patient. The nurse plans care for this patient based on the knowledge that the aging process impacts drug therapy in what important way?
- A. Blood volume decreases
- B. Subcutaneous tissue increases
- C. Total body water increases
- D. Muscle mass increase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased blood volume in aging affects drug distribution and concentration.
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Prior to prescribing metformin, the provider should:
- A. Draw a serum creatinine to assess renal function
- B. Try the patient on insulin
- C. Tell the patient to increase iodine intake
- D. Have the patient stop taking any sulfonylurea to avoid dangerous drug interactions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin requires renal function assessment (creatinine) due to lactic acidosis risk; insulin isn't a prerequisite.
Which of the following is CORRECT about aspirin poisoning?
- A. Is rarely seen in cases of chronic use
- B. It does not affect body temperature
- C. It is treated by administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate
- D. The earliest sign is hypoventilation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate enhances aspirin excretion by alkalinizing urine.
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in a pregnant woman because of a risk of harming the fetus?
- A. Pravastatin
- B. Cholestyramine
- C. Gemfibrozil
- D. Niacin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statins like pravastatin are contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects.
Immunosupressive effects of glucocorticoids are denominated with:
- A. Decrease of interleukins 1,2
- B. Activation of lymphocyte proliferation
- C. Increase amount of T lymphocytes
- D. Activation of lymphocyte transport at the site of antigen stimulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids suppress immunity by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukins 1 and 2.
After a few weeks on a drug, a patient reports profound thirst and the production of large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria). Which of the following drugs is most likely responsible for the symptoms?
- A. Diazepam
- B. Fluoxetine
- C. Haloperidol
- D. Lithium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lithium causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, leading to thirst and polyuria.