Nokea
David presents to the clinic with symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. He is prescribed cromolyn sodium (Opticrom) eye drops. The education regarding using cromolyn eye drops includes:
- A. He should not wear his soft contacts while using the cromolyn eye drops
- B. Cromolyn drops are instilled once a day to prevent allergy symptoms
- C. Long-term use may cause glaucoma
- D. He may experience bradycardia as an adverse effect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cromolyn can irritate soft contacts, requiring removal; it's not once daily or linked to glaucoma .
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A 44-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presents to her primary care physician for follow-up. She is currently being managed with an oral glucocorticoid agent. The most likely mechanism of action of this medication involves which of the following?
- A. Inhibition of erythrocytes
- B. Inhibition of macrophages
- C. Stimulation of cyclooxygenase 2 synthesis
- D. Stimulation of phospholipase A2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit macrophages and other immune cells, reducing inflammation in conditions like lupus.
When taking a medication history on a patient why should the nurse ask about the use of alternative therapies?
- A. Patients who use new drugs are usually not compliant with medical regimens.
- B. Many drug-alternative therapy interactions can cause serious problems and should be avoided.
- C. Natural products may be more effective and the drug may not be needed.
- D. The cost of the drug and the alternative therapy may be too great for the patient to handle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alternative therapies can interact with prescribed drugs, potentially causing adverse effects, making this a critical assessment point.
Off-label prescribing is:
- A. Regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- B. Illegal by NPs in all states (provinces)
- C. Legal if there is scientific evidence for the use
- D. Regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Off-label prescribing is legal with scientific support , not FDA-regulated , universally illegal , or DEA-controlled .
Tetracycline needs to be given on an empty stomach because it chelates with:
- A. Calcium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Iron
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tetracycline forms insoluble complexes with divalent and trivalent cations (calcium, magnesium, iron), reducing absorption when taken with food containing these elements.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is receiving IV heparin for a deep-vein thrombosis. The client begins vomiting blood. After the heparin has been stopped, which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
- A. Vitamin k1
- B. Atropine
- C. Protamine
- D. Calcium gluconate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine reverses heparin's anticoagulant effect in bleeding emergencies.