Nokea
A patient who has AIDS is at risk to contract aspergillosis. The nurse will anticipate that which antifungal medication will be ordered prophylactically for this patient?
- A. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- B. Micafungin (Mycamine)
- C. Posaconazole (Noxafil)
- D. Voriconazole (Vfend)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Posaconazole prevents Aspergillus in AIDS; micafungin or voriconazole treat, not prevent. Posaconazole is given for prophylactic treatment of Aspergillus and Candida infections.
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A nurse is caring for a 77-year-old patient. The nurse plans care for this patient based on the knowledge that the aging process impacts drug therapy in what important way?
- A. Blood volume decreases
- B. Subcutaneous tissue increases
- C. Total body water increases
- D. Muscle mass increase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased blood volume in aging affects drug distribution and concentration.
Which of the following mechanisms most accurately describes the blocking action of methimazole?
- A. iodine uptake by the thyroid
- B. organification of iodine in the thyroid
- C. peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
- D. peripheral thyroxine (T4) and T3 receptors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methimazole inhibits thyroperoxidase, blocking iodine organification and thyroid hormone synthesis.
Which of the following is a representative of sulfonylurea?
- A. Metformin
- B. Sitagliptine
- C. Acarbose
- D. Chlorpropamide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chlorpropamide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
Carbamazepine has a Black Box Warning due to life-threatening:
- A. Renal toxicity, leading to renal failure
- B. Hepatotoxicity, leading to liver failure
- C. Dermatologic reaction, including Steven's Johnson and toxic epidermal necrolysis
- D. Cardiac effects, including supraventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbamazepine's Black Box Warning highlights severe skin reactions like SJS/TEN.
Beta-blockers - aside from their cardiovascular indications - are also used in the treatment of which condition?
- A. Gout
- B. Glaucoma
- C. Reynaud's phenomenon
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers (e.g., timolol) are used in glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure.