Nokea
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug via an intramuscular injection. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Always wear gloves.
- B. Cleanse skin at injection site.
- C. Place pressure on the area after removing the needle.
- D. Recap the needle before disposal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When administering an intramuscular injection, the nurse should always wear gloves, cleanse the skin at the injection site prior to administration, aspirate for 5 to 10 seconds after inserting the needle, apply pressure to the area after removing the needle, and never recap the needle.
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Combined alpha-beta antagonists are used to reduce the progression of heart failure because they:
- A. Vasodilate the peripheral vasculature
- B. Decrease cardiac output
- C. Increase renal vascular resistance
- D. Reduce atherosclerosis secondary to elevated serum lipoproteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-beta blockers (e.g., carvedilol) vasodilate, reducing afterload in heart failure.
Which legislation authorizes the FDA to determine the safety of a drug before its marketing?
- A. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)
- B. Durham Humphrey Amendment (1952)
- C. Controlled Substances Act (1970)
- D. Kefauver Harris Drug Amendment (1962)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 authorized the FDA to determine the safety of all drugs before marketing. Later amendments and acts helped tighten FDA control and ensure drug safety.
Your lab group has been evaluating the effects of 'Ultron' a new drug for the treatment of intractable hiccups. When administered over a wide concentration range, three dose response relationships were defined in test subjects. Using facial flushing as an unwanted side effect, what would be the estimated therapeutic index for Ultron?
- A. 0.1
- B. 100
- C. 10
- D. Can't determine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The therapeutic index (TI) is typically a ratio of the dose causing a toxic effect to the dose producing a therapeutic effect. Without specific data, 10 is a reasonable estimate for a drug with defined dose-response relationships, as per the answer key.
A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Serum Sodium 144 mEq/L
- B. Urine output 120 mL in 4 hr
- C. Serum Potassium 5.2 mEq/L
- D. Blood Pressure 140/90 mm Hg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia (5.2 mEq/L, C) is a serious side effect of spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic.
A nurse is teaching a client who has OCD and has a new prescription for Paroxetine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. It can take several weeks before you feel like the medication is helping.
- B. Take the medication just before bedtime to promote sleep.
- C. I should take the medication for a new medical for a excessive urges.
- D. Monitor for weight gain while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paroxetine, an SSRI, takes weeks for full effect , a key point for client expectations.