Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with this diagnosis?
- A. Bone pain
- B. Bleeding gums
- C. Weight gain
- D. Increased urination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukemia's marrow takeover bleeds out gums ooze from thrombocytopenia, a textbook sign as platelets tank. Bone pain hits from blasts crowding marrow; bruising tags along. Weight gain or urination spikes don't fit cachexia's more likely. Nurses watch bleeding, linking it to leukemia's hematologic havoc, a key clue in this cancer's brutal spread.
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A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer is scheduled for a partial mastectomy. The oncology nurse explained that the surgeon will want to take tissue samples to ensure the disease has not spread to adjacent axillary lymph nodes. The patient has asked if she will have her lymph nodes dissected, like her mother did several years ago. What alternative to lymph node dissection will this patient most likely undergo?
- A. Lymphadenectomy
- B. Needle biopsy
- C. Open biopsy
- D. Sentinel node biopsy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) is the modern go-to less invasive than old-school dissection (lymphadenectomy), it maps the first lymph node cancer hits, sparing arm swelling (lymphedema) if clean. Needle or open biopsies are less targeted, more for diagnosis than staging here. SLNB's standard for breast cancer now, checking spread without ripping out nodes like her mom's era. Nurses in oncology highlight this shift less trauma, same intel easing her fears with precision care.
Which of the following is NOT an example of intermittent fasting?
- A. Alternate day fasting
- B. Mediterranean dieting
- C. Modified fasting regimes such as the 5:2 diet'
- D. Time restricted feeding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fasting flips alternate, 5:2, timed, holy skips; Mediterranean's steady, not starved. Nurses clock this chronic fast gap.
Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention for a client experiencing a transfusion reaction?
- A. Stop transfusion immediately
- B. Check vital signs
- C. Notify the provider
- D. Flush the intravenous line
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Transfusion reactions hemolytic or allergic kill fast; stopping the infusion halts antigen flood, the priority per ABCs to save life. Vitals, notifying, or flushing follow stopping's first. Nurses act swift, cutting the culprit, a non-negotiable step in this blood-borne crisis, trumping all else.
Which of the following clients would not be a candidate for thrombolytic therapy?
- A. Client with a pulse of 102 beats/minute
- B. Client with a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg
- C. Client with a history of hemorrhagic stroke one month ago
- D. Client age 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thrombolytics bust clots but bleed big hemorrhagic stroke history, even a month back, bans them, as re-bleed risk soars, a firm no-go. Tachycardia, low BP, or age 65 don't nix it BP's workable, age isn't a cutoff. Nurses screen this, dodging brain bleeds, a safety lock in this clot-dissolving call.
Non modifiable risk factors for developing chronic illness includes
- A. Tobacco smoking
- B. Political factors
- C. Family history
- D. High blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic illness risk splits family history's locked in, genes dictating diabetes or heart disease odds, unchangeable. Smoking's a choice, modifiable; politics shape systems, not biology; high BP's treatable, not fixed. Nurses flag this genetic thread, focusing prevention elsewhere, a chronic cornerstone where heritage trumps habits or policy.