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A nurse is caring for a client who has cystic fibrosis. The client is taking pancrelipase and has a new onset of steatorrhea. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
- A. You are experiencing an adverse reaction to the medication.
- B. You need to increase the fat intake in your diet.
- C. You should chew the medication completely.
- D. You should take this medication with food.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pancrelipase helps with digestion of fats. Taking it with food allows for proper mixing with food in the stomach, aiding in digestion. This is crucial for absorption of nutrients in cystic fibrosis. Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Steatorrhea is not an adverse reaction but a sign of inadequate fat digestion.
B: Increasing fat intake can worsen steatorrhea in cystic fibrosis.
C: Chewing the medication does not affect fat digestion.
In summary, taking pancrelipase with food optimizes its effectiveness in aiding fat digestion and absorption in cystic fibrosis.
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A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is to receive a transfusion of packed RBCs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Ensure that the unit of packed RBCs is transfused within 6 hr.
- B. Obtain 0.9% sodium chloride solution for IV infusion.
- C. Use filterless IV tubing for the transfusion.
- D. Remain at the client's bedside for the first 5 min of the transfusion.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because 0.9% sodium chloride solution is the appropriate IV solution to use when administering packed RBCs to prevent hemolysis. The sodium chloride solution is isotonic, which helps maintain the integrity of the RBCs during transfusion. Other choices are incorrect because: A: There is no specific time limit within which packed RBCs must be transfused. C: Using filterless IV tubing can increase the risk of air embolism and contamination. D: Remaining at the client's bedside for only 5 minutes is inadequate for monitoring potential adverse reactions during the transfusion.
History and Physical 2 weeks ago: Client is in the office for evaluation of acne vulgaris. Past medical history significant for worsening acne vulgaris, unresponsive to previous treatments. Client has been taking a combined oral contraceptive as directed for the past year. Comedones and cystic lesions on face, chest, and back. Acne scarring present on cheeks bilaterally and upper back. Liver function tests (LFTs), fasting lipid panel, serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hG) ordered today. Plan to follow up In 2 weeks for review of laboratory results and medication initiation.
Select the 2 educational topics the nurse should prioritize when reinforcing education to the client about the prescribed medication.
- A. Need for vitamin A supplementation
- B. Importance of using two forms of birth control
- C. Monitoring for skin dryness and irritation
- D. Manifestations of depression
- E. Correct application of sunscreen
Correct Answer: B, D
Rationale: The correct answers are B and D. The nurse should prioritize educating the client on birth control and manifestations of depression. Birth control is crucial to prevent unintended pregnancies while on medication. Depression monitoring is essential due to potential side effects. Choices A, C, and E are less critical in the context of medication education. Vitamin A supplementation, skin dryness, and sunscreen application are important but not as immediate as birth control and depression monitoring in this case.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Hepatic enzymes process medications more rapidly.
- B. Gastric emptying rate increases.
- C. Brain receptors become less sensitive to medications.
- D. Renal excretion time slows for medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Renal excretion time slows for medication. As individuals age, there is a decline in renal function, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. This results in a slower excretion of medications from the body, leading to potential accumulation and increased risk of toxicity. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as hepatic enzymes may actually decrease in function with age, gastric emptying rate tends to slow down, and brain receptors can become more sensitive rather than less sensitive to medications in older adults.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for benazepril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Make sure to change positions slowly.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice with this medication.
- C. Discontinue this medication if you develop a cough.
- D. Use salt substitutes for cooking.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Make sure to change positions slowly. Benazepril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness or fainting when changing positions quickly. Instructing the client to change positions slowly can help prevent this adverse effect. Choice B is incorrect because grapefruit juice does not interact with benazepril. Choice C is incorrect as a cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors, and discontinuing the medication without consulting a healthcare provider is not recommended. Choice D is incorrect because using salt substitutes can lead to high potassium levels when taking benazepril.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who takes furosemide daily for heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review before administering the medication?
- A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- B. Thyroxine
- C. Serum potassium
- D. Serum aspartate aminotransferase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium depletion, leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (A) is not relevant for assessing furosemide therapy. Thyroxine (B) is a thyroid hormone and not directly affected by furosemide. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (D) is a liver enzyme and not specifically impacted by furosemide administration.