Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a prescription for digoxin 125 mcg PO daily. Available is digoxin PO 0.25 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?
- A. 0.25
- B. 0.5
- C. 1
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin math: 125 mcg ordered, 0.25 mg (250 mcg) per tablet 125 ÷ 250 = 0.5 tablets, a precise dose nurses calc to boost heart failure's pump, avoiding toxicity's narrow edge. Wrong cuts (0.25, 1, 1.5) miss the mark. Accuracy here rules, a daily win in this med game.
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Diabetes is associated with pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of cardiovascular events. Question: What is the approximate percentage of diabetes patients who also have hypertension?
- A. 25%
- B. 50%
- C. 75%
- D. 100%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes and hypertension 75% overlap, sugar and pressure tag-team hearts. Nurses watch this, a chronic duo hit.
The nurse is orienting a new nurse to the oncology unit. When reviewing the safe administration of antineoplastic agents, what action should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Adjust the dose to the patient's present symptoms
- B. Wash hands with an alcohol-based cleanser following administration
- C. Use gloves and a lab coat when preparing the medication
- D. Dispose of the antineoplastic wastes in the hazardous waste receptacle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antineoplastics are hazardous proper disposal in designated receptacles is critical to protect staff, patients, and the environment from toxic exposure. Gloves and gowns are standard for prep, but the question stresses one action, and disposal trumps as a universal safety net. Dosing's fixed by protocol, not symptoms tweaking's dangerous. Alcohol-based cleansers don't cut it post-exposure; soap and water are needed pre- and post-handling to remove residue. Emphasizing disposal aligns with OSHA and oncology nursing standards, ensuring chemo waste (e.g., IV bags, syringes) doesn't leak into regular trash, a key lesson for newbies in this high-stakes field.
Which of the following is a pharmacologic treatment option for a client with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- A. Phentermine
- B. Digoxin
- C. Anticholinergic
- D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy's floppy pump pools fluid diuretics drain it, easing strain, a key med fix. Digoxin aids contractility, phentermine's for weight, anticholinergics dry secretions none match diuretics' punch. Nurses lean on this, cutting preload, a cornerstone in this stretched heart's care.
After a road traffic accident at 50 miles per hour, a healthy 30-year-old patient is admitted to a major trauma centre with a closed femoral shaft fracture and pulmonary contusion. Routine management in the intensive care unit is likely to include:
- A. A tertiary survey.
- B. A course of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
- C. Non-specific medical treatment of a rising creatinine kinase concentration (CK).
- D. Delay in physiotherapy to minimize bleeding.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ICU care post-trauma ensures comprehensive management. A tertiary survey (head-to-toe reassessment) identifies missed injuries (e.g., fractures), routine within 24-48 hours per trauma protocols, critical with polytrauma risks like this case. Antibiotics aren't routine without infection (e.g., open fracture); pulmonary contusion alone doesn't justify them. Rising CK from muscle damage (femoral fracture) may need monitoring (rhabdomyolysis risk), but treatment (e.g., fluids) is specific, not non-specific. Early physiotherapy aids recovery, not delayed bleeding risk is minimal with closed fractures post-stabilization. Surviving Sepsis guidelines apply only with sepsis. The tertiary survey's systematic approach prevents oversight, ensuring holistic care in a high-energy trauma patient.
The spinothalamic and dorsal column sensation are examined as part of a neurological examination. One of the items belonging to dorsal column sensation is the sense of vibration, which is examined by means of a tuning fork. Question: What is the required frequency of this tuning fork?
- A. 512 Hz
- B. 256 Hz
- C. 128 Hz
- D. 64 Hz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vibration check 128 Hz hums right, dorsal column's sweet spot, not higher or lower. Nurses tune this, a chronic nerve test.