NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

A nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from the PACU after a traditional cholecystectomy. In which of the following positions should the nurse place the client?

  • A. Prone
  • B. Semi-Fowler's
  • C. Supported Sims'
  • D. Dorsal recumbent
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Semi-Fowler's position. After a traditional cholecystectomy, placing the client in a Semi-Fowler's position (head of the bed elevated at 30-45 degrees) helps promote lung expansion, improve breathing, and reduce the risk of aspiration. This position also helps with comfort and aids in preventing complications such as respiratory issues and surgical site complications.

A: Prone position is incorrect as it involves lying on the stomach and is not appropriate for a client after cholecystectomy due to the risk of putting pressure on the abdomen and surgical site.

C: Supported Sims' position is incorrect as it is typically used for rectal examinations or enemas, not for post-cholecystectomy care.

D: Dorsal recumbent position is incorrect as it involves lying on the back with knees flexed, which may not provide optimal support and comfort for a client post-cholecystectomy.

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Calcium is actively absorbed by the small intestine and this is accelerated by

  • A. sodium.
  • B. the intrinsic factor.
  • C. Vitamin D.
  • D. Vitamin K.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in enhancing the absorption of calcium in the small intestine by promoting the synthesis of calcium-binding proteins. This process ensures adequate levels of calcium are absorbed efficiently. In contrast, choice A (sodium) does not directly impact calcium absorption, choice B (intrinsic factor) is involved in the absorption of vitamin B12, not calcium, and choice D (Vitamin K) is essential for blood clotting but not directly related to calcium absorption. Therefore, Vitamin D is the correct choice as it directly influences the active absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

In the small intestine, movement of chyme is regulated primarily by

  • A. secretin and cholecystokinin.
  • B. the parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve.
  • C. local and mechanical stimulation.
  • D. the enterogastric reflex caused by pressure of irritating substances in the colon.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: local and mechanical stimulation. In the small intestine, movement of chyme is primarily regulated by local and mechanical stimulation, which triggers peristalsis and segmentation. This allows for the mixing and propulsion of chyme along the digestive tract.

A: Secretin and cholecystokinin are hormones involved in regulating pancreatic and gallbladder secretions, not movement of chyme in the small intestine.
B: The parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve plays a role in stimulating digestive processes but is not the primary regulator of movement of chyme.
D: The enterogastric reflex is related to regulating stomach emptying in response to irritating substances, not movement of chyme in the small intestine.

The Mallory-Weiss syndrome refers to the occurrence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage as a result of:

  • A. esophageal varices
  • B. esophageal peptic ulcers
  • C. mucosal tears at the esophagogastric junction
  • D. iatrogenic perforation
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is characterized by mucosal tears at the esophagogastric junction. This occurs due to forceful or prolonged vomiting causing the tears in the mucosa. Esophageal varices (A) are dilated veins in the esophagus typically associated with liver disease, not related to Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Esophageal peptic ulcers (B) are erosions in the lining of the esophagus caused by acid reflux or infection, not a characteristic of Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Iatrogenic perforation (D) refers to accidental perforation caused during a medical procedure, not related to Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly correlates with the characteristic presentation of Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

The intestinal flora is:

  • A. Mainly viruses
  • B. Mainly found in the duodenum
  • C. Needed for normal digestion
  • D. Mainly found in the colon
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mainly found in the colon. Intestinal flora, also known as gut microbiota, is primarily located in the colon. This is because the colon provides an ideal environment for the growth and survival of the diverse array of beneficial bacteria that make up the intestinal flora. These bacteria play a crucial role in various physiological functions, such as digestion, immune system regulation, and vitamin production. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because intestinal flora are predominantly bacteria (not viruses), are not solely located in the duodenum but throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and are essential for normal digestion, not just needed.

Where does the majority of chemical digestion in the stomach occur?

  • A. fundus and body
  • B. cardia and fundus
  • C. body and pylorus
  • D. body
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The majority of chemical digestion in the stomach occurs in the fundus and body regions. These areas contain gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, which break down proteins. The fundus and body also mix and churn food to create chyme. The cardia and pylorus do not play a significant role in chemical digestion. The cardia is the entry point of the stomach and mainly responsible for food entry, while the pylorus regulates the release of chyme into the small intestine. The body region alone does not have as many gastric glands compared to the fundus and is mainly involved in mixing and storing food.

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