Nokea
The absorption of fructose by intestinal mucosa is
- A. co- transport mechanism
- B. simple diffusion
- C. facilitated transport
- D. active transport
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: facilitated transport. Fructose is absorbed through facilitated diffusion using specific carrier proteins in the intestinal mucosa. This process does not require energy input and allows fructose to move down its concentration gradient. Unlike active transport (requiring energy) and co-transport mechanisms (involving multiple substances), fructose absorption occurs through facilitated transport by specific carrier proteins. Simple diffusion is not the main mechanism for fructose absorption due to its hydrophilic nature. Thus, facilitated transport best describes how fructose is absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.
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Which statement accurately describes vitamin deficiencies?
- A. The two nutrients most often lacking in the diet of a vegan are vitamin B6 and folic acid.
- B. Vitamin imbalances occur frequently in the United States because of excessive fat intake.
- C. Surgery on the GI tract may contribute to vitamin deficiencies because of impaired absorption.
- D. Vitamin deficiencies in adults most commonly are clinically manifested by disorders of the skin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because surgery on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can impair the absorption of essential vitamins leading to deficiencies. This is due to the fact that many vitamins are absorbed in the GI tract, and any alteration or removal of parts of the tract can hinder this process. For example, surgeries like gastric bypass can reduce the absorption of certain vitamins such as B12.
Choice A is incorrect because vegan diets can be deficient in various nutrients, not just vitamin B6 and folic acid.
Choice B is incorrect because vitamin imbalances are not solely due to excessive fat intake but can also be caused by various factors.
Choice D is incorrect because while skin disorders can be a symptom of vitamin deficiencies, they are not the most common clinical manifestation in adults.
During a routine screening colonoscopy on a 56-year-old patient, a rectosigmoidal polyp was identified and remove The patient asks the nurse if his risk for colon cancer is increased because of the polyp. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. It is very rare for polyps to become malignant but you should continue to have routine colonoscopies.'
- B. Individuals with polyps have a 100% lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer and at an earlier age than those without polyps.'
- C. All polyps are abnormal and should be removed but the risk for cancer depends on the type and if malignant changes are present.'
- D. All polyps are premalignant and a source of most colon cancer. You will need to have a colonoscopy every 6 months to check for new polyps.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Choice C is correct because it acknowledges that all polyps are abnormal and should be removed, but the risk for cancer depends on the type and presence of malignant changes.
2. This response is accurate as not all polyps become cancerous, and the risk varies depending on the specific characteristics of the polyp.
3. It also emphasizes the importance of removing polyps and monitoring for any signs of malignancy, aligning with best practice guidelines for colon cancer prevention.
4. In contrast, choices A, B, and D provide misleading information by either downplaying or exaggerating the risk associated with polyps, which can lead to unnecessary anxiety or complacency in the patient.
Following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what should the nurse expect to be part of the plan of care?
- A. Return to work in 2 to 3 weeks
- B. Be hospitalized for 3 to 5 days postoperatively
- C. Have a T-tube placed in the common bile duct to provide bile drainage
- D. Have up to four small abdominal incisions covered with small dressings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the patient typically has up to four small abdominal incisions that are covered with small dressings. This is because laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure involving small incisions, which do not require extensive wound care. The incisions are small and usually heal well with minimal scarring.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Return to work in 2 to 3 weeks - This is not part of the immediate postoperative plan of care. Patients may need more time to recover before returning to work.
B: Be hospitalized for 3 to 5 days postoperatively - Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy typically have a shorter hospital stay, usually 1 to 2 days, not 3 to 5 days.
C: Have a T-tube placed in the common bile duct to provide bile drainage - This is not typically done after a laparoscopic
Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who is being admitted with Clostridium difficile?
- A. Teach the patient about proper food storag
- C. Order a diet without dairy products for the patient.
- D. Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation. This is important because Clostridium difficile is highly contagious, spread through contact with infected feces. Isolating the patient helps prevent the spread. A: Teaching about food storage is irrelevant to managing C. difficile. B: Administering medications is not mentioned in the question. C: Ordering a diet without dairy is not the priority; isolation is key to prevent transmission.
The nurse is obtaining a history of a patient with hepatitis Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
- A. "If using drugs, do you share needles?"
- B. "Do you always practice safe sex?"
- C. "You traveled to Canada in the last month?"
- D. "Do you eat shellfish often?"
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because consuming contaminated shellfish can lead to Hepatitis A infection. It is important to ask about dietary habits to identify potential sources of infection. Choice A is incorrect as it assumes drug use, which may not be relevant to the patient. Choice B is more focused on sexual behavior rather than Hepatitis transmission. Choice C is irrelevant unless there was a known Hepatitis outbreak in Canada.