Nokea
Which of these structures is responsible for the production of bile?
- A. pancreas
- B. liver
- C. gallbladder
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver is responsible for the production of bile, which is a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in digestion by emulsifying fats. Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (not produced by it). The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The small intestine is where bile is released to help with the digestion of fats, but it is not responsible for its production. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer as it is the primary organ involved in bile production.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of adventitia rather than serosa?
- A. esophagus
- B. stomach
- C. small intestine
- D. large intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: esophagus. The esophagus is supported by a layer of adventitia, which is a connective tissue layer, instead of serosa, a serous membrane. The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, where it is surrounded by connective tissue rather than a serous membrane like the other choices. The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are all intraperitoneal organs, meaning they are covered by a serosa layer. The esophagus, being a retroperitoneal organ, lacks a serosa layer and is instead supported by adventitia. This structural difference is important for understanding the anatomy and function of these organs.
The _____ part of the stomach is the area that is connected to the esophagus.
- A. cardiac
- B. pyloric
- C. fundus
- D. body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cardiac. The cardiac part of the stomach is the region closest to the esophagus where food enters the stomach. It contains the cardiac sphincter, a muscular valve that regulates the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach. The other choices, pyloric, fundus, and body, are incorrect because the pyloric region connects the stomach to the small intestine, the fundus is the top portion of the stomach, and the body is the main central region of the stomach where most digestion occurs.
The low pH of the stomach activates enzymes that digest ______ while inactivating enzymes that digest ______.
- A. lipids; proteins
- B. proteins; starch
- C. starch; proteins
- D. nucleic acids; starch
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the low pH of the stomach activates pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins, while inactivating salivary amylase, an enzyme that digests starch. Pepsin works optimally in an acidic environment, breaking down proteins into peptides. Salivary amylase, on the other hand, works best at a neutral pH and is denatured in the acidic stomach, leading to its inactivation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lipids are primarily digested in the small intestine, and nucleic acids are not directly affected by the stomach's pH.
Which one of the connective tissue sheets listed below consists of two layers of serous membranes with a thin layer of connective tissue between them and attaches to the small intestine?
- A. lesser omentum
- B. mesentery proper
- C. greater omentum
- D. falciform ligament
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mesentery proper. The mesentery proper consists of two layers of serous membranes with a thin layer of connective tissue between them, and it attaches to the small intestine. This structure provides support and allows for movement of the small intestine.
A: The lesser omentum attaches the stomach to the liver, not the small intestine.
C: The greater omentum is a large apron-like structure that hangs down from the stomach and covers the intestines, but it does not specifically attach to the small intestine.
D: The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall, not the small intestine.
Calcium is actively absorbed by the small intestine and this is accelerated by
- A. sodium.
- B. the intrinsic factor.
- C. Vitamin D.
- D. Vitamin K.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in enhancing the absorption of calcium in the small intestine by promoting the synthesis of calcium-binding proteins. This process ensures adequate levels of calcium are absorbed efficiently. In contrast, choice A (sodium) does not directly impact calcium absorption, choice B (intrinsic factor) is involved in the absorption of vitamin B12, not calcium, and choice D (Vitamin K) is essential for blood clotting but not directly related to calcium absorption. Therefore, Vitamin D is the correct choice as it directly influences the active absorption of calcium in the small intestine.