NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

A client with ulcerative colitis, who experiences severe diarrhea, is prescribed a cleansing enema to relieve the symptoms. Which of the following interventions should the nurse consider at this stage?

  • A. Question the physician about the use of the cleansing enema
  • B. Educate the client about the procedure of cleansing enema
  • C. Position the client comfortably to receive the cleansing enema
  • D. Instruct the client to visit the toilet before receiving the enema
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Question the physician about the use of the cleansing enema. In this scenario, the nurse should question the physician because administering a cleansing enema to a client with ulcerative colitis and severe diarrhea can potentially exacerbate the condition. The nurse needs to verify if the enema is the appropriate intervention and if there are alternative treatments that may be safer and more effective.

Summary:
- Choice B: Educating the client about the procedure does not address the potential risks of administering the enema.
- Choice C: Positioning the client comfortably is important but does not address the appropriateness of the enema.
- Choice D: Instructing the client to visit the toilet before the enema does not address the potential risks associated with the procedure.

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To treat a cirrhotic patient with hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose (Cephulac), rifaximin (Xifaxan), and a proton pump inhibitor are ordere The patient's family wants to know why the laxative is ordere What is the best explanation the nurse can give to the patient's family?

  • A. It reduces portal venous pressure.
  • B. It eliminates blood from the GI tract.
  • C. It traps ammonia and eliminates it in the feces.
  • D. It decreases bacteria to decrease ammonia formation.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "It traps ammonia and eliminates it in the feces." In hepatic encephalopathy, excessive ammonia levels lead to neurological symptoms. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, converting ammonia to ammonium, trapping it, and promoting its excretion in feces. This reduces ammonia absorption, alleviating encephalopathy.

Explanation of other choices:
A: Incorrect. Lactulose does not directly reduce portal venous pressure.
B: Incorrect. Lactulose does not eliminate blood from the GI tract.
D: Incorrect. Lactulose does not directly decrease bacteria to reduce ammonia formation.

In summary, the nurse should explain to the patient's family that lactulose helps by trapping ammonia in the GI tract and facilitating its removal in the feces, thus reducing ammonia levels in the body and improving hepatic encephalopathy symptoms.

What is the function of the enteric nervous system?

  • A. controlling voluntary movements
  • B. regulating hormone secretion
  • C. controlling digestion independently of the brain
  • D. controlling respiratory functions
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the enteric nervous system is a complex network of neurons that controls digestion independently of the brain. It regulates gastrointestinal functions such as peristalsis, secretion of digestive enzymes, and blood flow. This system can operate autonomously but is also influenced by the central nervous system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the enteric nervous system is not responsible for controlling voluntary movements, regulating hormone secretion, or controlling respiratory functions.

The absorption of fructose by intestinal mucosa is

  • A. co- transport mechanism
  • B. simple diffusion
  • C. facilitated transport
  • D. active transport
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: facilitated transport. Fructose is absorbed through facilitated diffusion using specific carrier proteins in the intestinal mucosa. This process does not require energy input and allows fructose to move down its concentration gradient. Unlike active transport (requiring energy) and co-transport mechanisms (involving multiple substances), fructose absorption occurs through facilitated transport by specific carrier proteins. Simple diffusion is not the main mechanism for fructose absorption due to its hydrophilic nature. Thus, facilitated transport best describes how fructose is absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.

The following belong together except which one?

  • A. small intestine
  • B. large intestine
  • C. plicae circulares
  • D. crypts of Lieberkuhn
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: large intestine. The small intestine, plicae circulares, and crypts of Lieberkuhn are all structures found in the small intestine, involved in absorption and digestion. The large intestine is a separate part of the digestive system primarily responsible for water absorption and waste elimination. Therefore, it does not belong with the other choices related to the small intestine.

In the colon, the teniae coli are bands of ______, which contract to form ______.

  • A. fat; epiploic appendages
  • B. longitudinal smooth muscle; haustra
  • C. skeletal muscle; haustra
  • D. smooth muscle; the internal anal sphincter
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the teniae coli are bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in the colon. These bands contract to form haustra, which are the pouches that give the colon its segmented appearance. Choice A is incorrect because fat and epiploic appendages are not involved in the contraction of the colon. Choice C is incorrect because the teniae coli are smooth muscle, not skeletal muscle. Choice D is incorrect because the internal anal sphincter is not formed by the contraction of the teniae coli.

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