Nokea
The lymphatic capillaries in the villi of the small intestine are called
- A. lacteals.
- B. Peyer's patches.
- C. Crypts of Lieberkuhn.
- D. microvilli.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lacteals. Lacteals are specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the villi of the small intestine that absorb dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. They play a crucial role in the transport of these nutrients to the bloodstream. Peyer's patches (B) are lymphoid nodules in the small intestine involved in immune responses. Crypts of Lieberkuhn (C) are intestinal glands that secrete digestive enzymes. Microvilli (D) are small projections on the surface of intestinal cells that increase surface area for nutrient absorption but are not lymphatic capillaries.
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The absorption of fructose by intestinal mucosa is
- A. co- transport mechanism
- B. simple diffusion
- C. facilitated transport
- D. active transport
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: facilitated transport. Fructose is absorbed through facilitated diffusion using specific carrier proteins in the intestinal mucosa. This process does not require energy input and allows fructose to move down its concentration gradient. Unlike active transport (requiring energy) and co-transport mechanisms (involving multiple substances), fructose absorption occurs through facilitated transport by specific carrier proteins. Simple diffusion is not the main mechanism for fructose absorption due to its hydrophilic nature. Thus, facilitated transport best describes how fructose is absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.
Which adult should the nurse plan to teach about risks associated with obesity?
- A. Man who has a BMI of 18 kg/m2
- B. Man with a 42 in waist and 44 in hips
- C. Woman who has a body mass index (BMI) of 24 kg/m2
- D. Woman with a waist circumference of 34 inches (86 cm)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a waist circumference of 42 inches in men signifies abdominal obesity, which is a significant risk factor for health issues related to obesity. A high waist circumference indicates excess visceral fat, which is linked to heart disease and other health problems.
Choice A is incorrect because a BMI of 18 kg/m2 indicates underweight, not obesity.
Choice C is incorrect because a BMI of 24 kg/m2 falls within the healthy weight range, not indicating obesity.
Choice D is incorrect because a waist circumference of 34 inches in women is considered normal, not indicative of obesity.
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine?
- A. Pepsin
- B. Lipase
- C. Amylase
- D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amylase. Amylase is primarily responsible for digesting carbohydrates in the small intestine. It breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. Pepsin (A) is a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins, not carbohydrates. Lipase (B) digests fats, not carbohydrates. Trypsin (D) is a pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins, not carbohydrates. Amylase is the only enzyme among the choices that specifically targets carbohydrates for digestion in the small intestine.
The center of the tooth that is filled with blood vessels and nerves is called the ______ and the cavity within the root of the tooth is called the ______.
- A. clinical crown; root canal
- B. pulp cavity; root canal
- C. pulp cavity; dentin
- D. dentin; root canal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: pulp cavity; root canal. The pulp cavity is the center of the tooth filled with blood vessels and nerves, while the root canal is the cavity within the root of the tooth. This is because the pulp cavity contains the pulp tissue, which includes blood vessels and nerves, providing nourishment and sensation to the tooth. The root canal, on the other hand, is the space within the root where the pulp tissue extends down into. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the specific structures mentioned in the question.
Following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what should the nurse expect to be part of the plan of care?
- A. Return to work in 2 to 3 weeks
- B. Be hospitalized for 3 to 5 days postoperatively
- C. Have a T-tube placed in the common bile duct to provide bile drainage
- D. Have up to four small abdominal incisions covered with small dressings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the patient typically has up to four small abdominal incisions that are covered with small dressings. This is because laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure involving small incisions, which do not require extensive wound care. The incisions are small and usually heal well with minimal scarring.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Return to work in 2 to 3 weeks - This is not part of the immediate postoperative plan of care. Patients may need more time to recover before returning to work.
B: Be hospitalized for 3 to 5 days postoperatively - Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy typically have a shorter hospital stay, usually 1 to 2 days, not 3 to 5 days.
C: Have a T-tube placed in the common bile duct to provide bile drainage - This is not typically done after a laparoscopic