NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse notices that the solution bag is almost empty and there is not another bag of TPN to administer. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse administer until the next bag of TPN solution is available?

  • A. 10% dextrose in water (D10W)
  • B. 0.45% sodium chloride (0.45% NaCl)
  • C. Lactated Ringer's solution
  • D. 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution (D5LR)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 10% dextrose in water (D10W). When a TPN bag is almost empty, abruptly stopping it can lead to hypoglycemia. Administering D10W provides a temporary source of glucose to prevent this. D10W is a hypertonic solution that delivers a high concentration of dextrose for energy. Option B (0.45% NaCl) is hypotonic and lacks the necessary glucose content. Option C (Lactated Ringer's solution) does not contain glucose, and option D (D5LR) contains lactate, which may not be suitable for all patients. Administering D10W is the most appropriate choice to prevent hypoglycemia until the next bag of TPN is available.

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Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the mechanical digestion of food?

  • A. mouth
  • B. stomach
  • C. small intestine
  • D. large intestine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach. The stomach is responsible for mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices, breaking it down into smaller particles. The mouth initiates digestion by chewing and mixing food with saliva, but it primarily focuses on chemical digestion through enzymes. The small intestine is where most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur, not mechanical digestion. The large intestine's main function is water absorption and the formation of feces, not mechanical digestion. Therefore, the stomach is the correct choice for mechanical digestion in the digestive system.

Which type of cell in the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid?

  • A. parietal cells
  • B. chief cells
  • C. mucous cells
  • D. enteric cells
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: parietal cells. Parietal cells are the specific type of cell in the stomach responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid. They play a crucial role in the digestion process by creating an acidic environment necessary for the activation of digestive enzymes and breakdown of food. Chief cells mainly produce pepsinogen, mucous cells secrete mucus for protection, and enteric cells are related to the enteric nervous system, not acid secretion in the stomach. Therefore, parietal cells are the correct choice for this question.

The patient returned from a 6-week mission trip to Somalia with complaints of nausea, malaise, fatigue, and achy muscles. Which type of hepatitis is this patient most likely to have contracted?

  • A. Hepatitis B (HBV)
  • B. Hepatitis C (HCV)
  • C. Hepatitis D (HDV)
  • D. Hepatitis E (HEV)
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hepatitis E (HEV). The patient's symptoms of nausea, malaise, fatigue, and muscle aches are consistent with acute hepatitis, and HEV is commonly transmitted through contaminated water in developing countries like Somalia. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are more commonly transmitted through blood or body fluids. Hepatitis D (HDV) requires HBV for replication, making it less likely in this case. In summary, based on the patient's symptoms and travel history, Hepatitis E (HEV) is the most likely cause of the illness.

Bile salts:

  • A. Protein emulsifier.
  • B. Are needed by pancreatic amylase for carbohydrate digestion.
  • C. Are produced by the liver from cholesterol.
  • D. Increase lipid surface tension.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bile salts are produced by the liver from cholesterol.
Rationale:
1. Bile salts aid in the emulsification and digestion of fats, not proteins (A).
2. Pancreatic amylase is responsible for carbohydrate digestion, not bile salts (B).
3. The liver synthesizes bile salts from cholesterol to facilitate fat digestion and absorption (C).
4. Bile salts reduce lipid surface tension to form micelles, aiding in fat digestion, rather than increasing it (D).

Which organ produces bile?

  • A. Pancreas
  • B. Gallbladder
  • C. Liver
  • D. Stomach
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Liver. The liver produces bile, which plays a crucial role in digestion by breaking down fats. The pancreas (A) produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The gallbladder (B) stores bile produced by the liver but does not produce it. The stomach (D) produces gastric juices, not bile. Therefore, the liver is the only organ that produces bile, making it the correct answer.

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