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A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of terminal cancer. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse that the client is ready to hear information regarding palliative care?
- A. "I am ready to learn about chemotherapy to help cure my cancer."
- B. "I just want you to give me something to get this over with soon."
- C. "I want you to tell me about measures available to keep me comfortable."
- D. "I know that many people have recovered fully from cancer, and so will I."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client's statement demonstrates a desire for comfort-focused care, which is the essence of palliative care for terminal cancer patients. The client is expressing a clear preference for measures that prioritize comfort and quality of life over aggressive treatment. This indicates readiness to receive information about palliative care.
Choice A is incorrect because the client mentions chemotherapy for a cure, indicating a focus on curative treatment rather than comfort care. Choice B is incorrect as the client seems to be expressing a desire for a quick end to their suffering, which may not align with palliative care goals. Choice D is incorrect because the client is expressing unrealistic optimism about recovery, which may hinder acceptance of palliative care.
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A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has a sodium level of 125 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L). Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Positive Chvostek's sign
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Numbness of the extremities
- D. Abdominal cramping
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal cramping. A sodium level of 125 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia, which can lead to abdominal cramping due to electrolyte imbalance affecting muscle function. Chvostek's sign (choice A) is associated with hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia. Bradycardia (choice B) is more commonly seen in hyperkalemia. Numbness of the extremities (choice C) is a symptom of hypocalcemia or peripheral neuropathy, not specifically related to hyponatremia. In summary, the healthcare professional should expect abdominal cramping as a result of the low sodium level in this client.
A nurse manager has two out of six staff nurses call in sick for one shift. Because of reduced availability of staff, the manager decides to manage the unit with the three remaining nurses, which keeps the unit at minimal staffing standards. What type of decision-making strategy would this be?
- A. Satisficing
- B. Routine
- C. Adaptive
- D. Rationalizing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Satisficing. Satisficing is a decision-making strategy where one aims to meet the minimum requirements or standards to achieve a satisfactory outcome given the constraints. In this scenario, the nurse manager chooses to manage the unit with the three remaining nurses to maintain minimal staffing standards, despite not having the full staff complement. This decision is based on satisficing as the manager is making the best of the situation with the available resources.
Summary:
B: Routine decision-making involves following established procedures and protocols, which may not be applicable in this situation.
C: Adaptive decision-making involves adjusting to changing circumstances, but in this case, the manager is not adapting to the situation but rather making do with limited resources.
D: Rationalizing decision-making involves justifying or explaining decisions, which is not the focus in this scenario where quick action is needed to maintain minimal staffing standards.
Which action by a patient indicates that the home health nurse’s teaching about glargine and
regular insulin has been successful?
- A. The patient administers the glargine 30 minutes before each meal
- B. The patient’s family prefills the syringes with the mix of insulins weekly.
- C. The patient draws up the regular insulin and then the glargine in the same syringe.
- D. The patient disposes of the open vials of glargine and regular insulin after 4 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Glargine and regular insulin should not be mixed in the same syringe as they have different onset and duration of action.
Step 2: Administering glargine 30 minutes before each meal is incorrect as it is a long-acting insulin.
Step 3: Pre-filling syringes weekly with the mix of insulins can lead to incorrect dosing or contamination.
Step 4: Disposing of open vials after 4 weeks is the correct action to ensure potency and safety of the insulin.
Summary: Choice D is correct because it demonstrates proper insulin storage and disposal practices. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they involve incorrect administration techniques or storage practices.
What is the role of a nurse in a multidisciplinary team (MDT)?
- A. To lead the MDT
- B. To provide emotional support
- C. To advocate for patient needs
- D. To conduct clinical research
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C - To advocate for patient needs. Nurses in an MDT play a crucial role in ensuring that the patient's best interests are prioritized and their needs are met. Nurses advocate for patients by communicating their preferences, coordinating care, and ensuring that all team members work together effectively. Leading the MDT (choice A) is typically done by the team leader, not specifically the nurse. Providing emotional support (choice B) is part of the nurse's role, but not the primary role in an MDT. Conducting clinical research (choice D) is important, but not the primary focus of a nurse in an MDT.
Which of the following best describes the ethical concept of values?
- A. Values are an individual’s feelings about situations.
- B. Values are learned through family systems.
- C. Values are organized ways of thinking about the meaning of life.
- D. Values determine the rightness or wrongness of behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because values are subjective and personal beliefs that influence one's feelings and attitudes towards situations. This aligns with the definition of values as individual's principles or standards of behavior.
B is incorrect because values are not solely learned through family systems, but can also be influenced by culture, education, and personal experiences.
C is incorrect because values are more about personal beliefs and principles rather than organized ways of thinking about the meaning of life.
D is incorrect because values are not the sole determinants of rightness or wrongness of behavior, as ethical principles and moral standards also play a role in making such judgments.