Common Drug Classifications Nursing

Common Drug Classifications Nursing Related

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A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the client?

  • A. Calcium chloride
  • B. Calcium gluconate
  • C. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
  • D. Large doses of vitamin D
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration.

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Which of the following antidiabetic agents acts on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) nuclear receptor?

  • A. acarbose
  • B. glyburide
  • C. insulin lispro
  • D. pioglitazone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that activates PPAR-gamma, enhancing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.

The nurse admits an older adult patient to the emergency room with reports of shortness of breath on exertion and a productive cough. The nurse reviews the patient's current medications and the patient says, I take one pink pill every morning. The nurse asks the name of the drug and the patient says she doesn't know. The patient cannot supply the name of the drug or the purpose in taking it either. This happens with four other medications the patient says she takes. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?

  • A. Acute confusion
  • B. Risk-prone health behavior
  • C. Ineffective health maintenance
  • D. Noncompliance
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lack of knowledge about medications indicates ineffective health maintenance, not acute confusion or noncompliance.

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (FluMist) may be administered to:

  • A. All patients over 6 months of age
  • B. Patients between ages 2 and 49 with no risk factors
  • C. Patients with an upper respiratory infection (URI) or asthma
  • D. Pregnant women
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: FluMist is approved for healthy individuals aged 2-49; URI/asthma or pregnancy are contraindications.

Research has shown that when patients who are covered by Medicare Part D reach the 'donut hole' in coverage they:

  • A. Ask for extra refills of medication to get them through the months of no coverage
  • B. Fill their prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such as warfarin or a statin
  • C. Fill their critical medications, but hold off on filling less-critical medications
  • D. Demonstrate no change in their prescription filling pattern
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patients reduce prescription filling, even for critical drugs, during the donut hole.

Etidronate is prescribed for a postmenopausal woman who is at great risk for developing osteoporosis. Which of the following adverse effects to this drug is the patient most likely to experience?

  • A. Tetany
  • B. Cholelithiasis
  • C. Esophagitis
  • D. Renal damage from calcium stone formation
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bisphosphonates like etidronate commonly cause esophagitis if not taken properly.

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