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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes mellitus. The client is confused, flushed, and has an acetone odor on his breath. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following types of insulin to treat the client?
- A. Regular.
- B. NPH.
- C. Glargine.
- D. Detemir.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is indicated by the client's symptoms of confusion, flushed appearance, and acetone odor on the breath.
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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about minimizing the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can have 6 ounces of alcohol before bed to help me sleep.
- B. I will have a snack 1 hour before going to bed.
- C. I should elevate the head of the bed.
- D. I will sleep on my stomach with my head flat.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce acid reflux by keeping stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep.
A nurse is collecting data from a client whose arterial blood gas values reveal a pH of 7.24, PaCO₂ of 53, and an HCO₃ of 24. The nurse should prepare to treat the client for which of the following acid-base imbalances?
- A. Metabolic acidosis.
- B. Metabolic alkalosis.
- C. Respiratory acidosis.
- D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low pH (7.24) and high PaCO₂ (53) indicate respiratory acidosis due to CO₂ accumulation from inadequate ventilation.
A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who has cystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Suprapubic tenderness.
- B. Proteinuria.
- C. Generalized edema.
- D. Oliguria.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Suprapubic tenderness is common in cystitis due to bladder wall irritation and inflammation.
A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching to a client who is at risk for osteoporosis about increasing her calcium intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend the client consume frequently?
- A. Zucchini.
- B. Collards.
- C. Potatoes.
- D. Carrots.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Collards are a good source of calcium, essential for bone health and reducing osteoporosis risk.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as contributing?
- A. High-purine diet.
- B. Female gender.
- C. Dehydration.
- D. Family history.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dehydration is a major risk factor for urolithiasis, concentrating urine and promoting stone formation.