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A nurse is conducting quantitative research to examine which of two types of silicone foam sacral dressings best prevent pressure injuries in bedridden patients. What type of research is the nurse conducting?
- A. Descriptive
- B. Correlational
- C. Quasi-experimental
- D. Experimental
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Quasi-experimental research is often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes. Descriptive research is often used to generate new knowledge about topics with little or no prior research. Correlational research examines the type and degree of relationships between two or more variables. Experimental research examines cause-and-effect relationships between variables under highly controlled conditions.
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A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility. The charge nurse explains that transcultural care as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice was promoted by which theorist?
- A. Madeline Leininger
- B. Jean Watson
- C. Dorothy E. Johnson
- D. Betty Newman
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Madeline Leininger's theory provides the foundations of transcultural nursing care by making caring the central theme of nursing. Jean Watson stated that nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick. The central theme of Dorothy E. Johnson's theory is that problems arise because of disturbances in the system or subsystem or functioning below optimal level. Betty Newman proposed that humans are in constant relationship with stressors in the environment and the major nursing focus is keeping the patient system stable through accurate assessment of these stressors.
After their clinical experience, nursing students are given a reflective assignment to discuss the concepts in nursing theory that influence and determine nursing practice. What part of this theory is most important when delivering thoughtful care?
- A. Environment
- B. Health
- C. Nursing
- D. Person
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Of the four concepts, the most important is the person. The focus of nursing, regardless of definition or theory, is the person.
A Alexandrovich, A. B. (2016). An evidence-based approach to addressing healthcare issues of the LGBTQ community. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(9), 607-613.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Federal regulations require that institutions receiving federal funding or conducting studies of drugs or medical devices regulated by the Food and Drug Administration establish institutional review boards (IRBs). The IRBs review studies conducted in the institution to determine the risk status of the studies and to ensure that ethical principles are followed. While organizations may have internal procedures for conducting research, such as including surgeons, the director of nursing, the pharmacy director, and staff, these are not government mandates. The type of study, such as randomized-controlled study, will be determined by the nurse in collaboration with the prescriber and approval of the IRB.
A nurse is formulating a clinical question using the PICOT format. The nurse begins with determining the 'P,' which focuses on which element?
- A. Comparison to another similar protocol
- B. Clearly defined, focused literature review of procedures
- C. Specific identification of the purpose of the study
- D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The P in the PICOT format represents an explicit description of the patient population of interest. I represents the intervention, C represents the comparison, O stands for the outcome, and T stands for the time.
Nursing students have been assigned to discuss a section of a research article examining 24-hour visitation for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). What topic will the student assigned to the applicability section plan to discuss?
- A. Description of the tool that was used to gather the data
- B. How the results could be used in the student's practice
- C. Statistical methods used to determine the results
- D. Whether informed consent was obtained from the participants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applicability refers to how study results could be used in practice. Method includes the design and data analysis. Informed consent affirms the patient's right to agree to participate in a study without coercion, to refuse to participate without jeopardizing their care, the right to confidentiality, the right to be protected from harm, and the ability to withdraw from the study at any time.