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A nurse is explaining the benefits of embryo freezing to a patient. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Frozen embryos have a higher success rate than fresh ones.
- B. It allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval.
- C. Embryo freezing eliminates the need for hormonal support during IVF.
- D. Only genetically modified embryos can be frozen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because embryo freezing allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval. This is important as it saves time, cost, and reduces physical burden on the patient. Choice A is incorrect as success rates are similar for frozen and fresh embryos. Choice C is incorrect because hormonal support is still required during IVF with frozen embryos. Choice D is incorrect as genetically unmodified embryos can also be frozen.
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Assessment of a woman in labor reveals cervical dilation of 3 cm, cervical effacement of 30%, and contractions occurring every 7 to 8 minutes, lasting about 40 seconds. The nurse determines that this client is in:
- A. latent phase of the first stage.
- B. active phase of the first stage.
- C. pelvic phase of the second stage.
- D. early phase of the third stage.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's cervical dilation, effacement, and contraction pattern indicate that she is in the latent phase of the first stage of labor. This phase is characterized by cervical dilation of 0 to 3 cm, effacement of 0% to 40%, and contractions every 5 to 10 minutes lasting 30 to 40 seconds. The active phase of the first stage occurs with cervical dilation of 4 to 7 cm, effacement of 40% to 80%, and contractions every 2 to 5 minutes lasting 45 to 60 seconds. The perineal phase of the second stage and early phase of the third stage have different characteristics, making them incorrect choices.
During an infertility consultation, the nurse explains the impact of endometriosis on fertility. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Endometriosis improves the chances of conception naturally.
- B. Endometriosis can cause scarring and reduce ovarian function.
- C. Endometriosis is unrelated to infertility.
- D. Endometriosis eliminates the need for fertility treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because endometriosis can lead to scarring in the reproductive organs and reduce ovarian function, affecting fertility. Scarring can block the fallopian tubes, impairing egg and sperm transport. Reduced ovarian function can affect egg quality and quantity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Endometriosis does not improve natural conception chances; it is a leading cause of infertility. It is related to infertility due to its impact on reproductive organs. Endometriosis often necessitates fertility treatments due to its effects on fertility.
What is the function of the highlighted region on the drawing below?
- A. It produces a fluid that nourishes the sperm.
- B. It secretes a fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina.
- C. It is the reservoir where sperm mature.
- D. It contracts during ejaculation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The highlighted region likely refers to the bulbospongiosus muscle or related structures that contract during ejaculation to expel semen.
What is the primary purpose of cryopreservation in fertility treatments?
- A. To store embryos, eggs, or sperm for future use.
- B. To improve the success rates of natural conception.
- C. To reduce the need for fertility medications.
- D. To eliminate genetic abnormalities in embryos.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because cryopreservation allows embryos, eggs, or sperm to be stored for future use, preserving fertility options for patients undergoing fertility treatments. This helps in cases like preserving fertility before undergoing treatments that may affect fertility or for those who wish to postpone childbearing.
Choice B is incorrect because cryopreservation doesn't directly improve natural conception rates. Choice C is incorrect as cryopreservation doesn't reduce the need for fertility medications but rather provides a method to store reproductive materials. Choice D is incorrect as cryopreservation doesn't eliminate genetic abnormalities in embryos; it preserves them for potential future use.
Lori, who is 32 years old, is taking clomiphene citrate to induce ovulation and presents to the office for a vaginal ultrasound. As the nurse is walking Lori to ultrasound, Lori mentions that over the past 12 hours she has experienced abdominal bloating, nausea, and weight gain of 5 pounds. The nurse recognizes these signs and symptoms to be associated with what condition?
- A. Ovulation
- B. Premenstrual syndrome
- C. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- D. Failed ovulation induction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). OHSS is a potential complication of ovulation induction with medications like clomiphene citrate. The symptoms Lori is experiencing (abdominal bloating, nausea, and weight gain) are classic signs of moderate OHSS. The mechanism involves excessive response to the ovulation induction medication leading to enlarged ovaries and fluid accumulation in the abdomen. It is crucial to monitor patients on ovulation induction therapy for signs of OHSS to prevent severe complications.
Choice A: Ovulation - This is incorrect because the symptoms described are not typical of ovulation itself.
Choice B: Premenstrual syndrome - This is incorrect because the symptoms are not specific to premenstrual syndrome and are more indicative of a complication related to medication.
Choice D: Failed ovulation induction - This is incorrect because the symptoms suggest a response to the medication rather than a failure of ovulation.