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A nurse is educating a couple about lifestyle factors that impact fertility. What recommendation should the nurse give?
- A. Avoid moderate alcohol consumption.
- B. Reduce stress levels through relaxation techniques.
- C. Increase protein intake for better egg quality.
- D. Use over-the-counter fertility supplements.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reduce stress levels through relaxation techniques. Stress can negatively impact fertility by disrupting hormone levels and ovulation. Relaxation techniques can help manage stress, promoting better reproductive health.
A: Avoiding moderate alcohol consumption is important for fertility, but stress reduction has a more direct impact.
C: While protein is essential for overall health, there is no direct evidence linking increased protein intake to improved egg quality.
D: Using over-the-counter fertility supplements may not be necessary if stress reduction can improve fertility outcomes without additional interventions.
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An infertile man is being treated with Viagra (sildenafil citrate) for erectile dysfunction (ED). Which of the following is a contraindication for this medication?
- A. Preexisting diagnosis of herpes simplex 2.
- B. Nitroglycerin ingestion for angina pectoris.
- C. Retinal damage from type I diabetes mellitus.
- D. Postsurgical care for resection of the prostate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Viagra interacts dangerously with nitroglycerin, potentially causing severe hypotension.
A patient undergoing ovarian stimulation is concerned about ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). What should the nurse explain?
- A. OHSS is a mild side effect and rarely requires medical attention.
- B. OHSS can cause severe symptoms like abdominal pain and requires monitoring.
- C. OHSS is only a concern for women over 40.
- D. OHSS cannot occur with modern fertility medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because OHSS can indeed cause severe symptoms like abdominal pain and fluid accumulation in the abdomen or chest, which may require medical attention and monitoring. OHSS is a potential complication of ovarian stimulation, particularly in women undergoing fertility treatments. It is crucial for the nurse to explain the seriousness of OHSS symptoms and the importance of close monitoring to the patient.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because OHSS is not a mild side effect, it can occur in women of all ages, and it can still happen with modern fertility medications. It is important to provide accurate information to the patient to ensure their understanding and safety during the treatment process.
A couple undergoing fertility treatments asks about male factor infertility. What should the nurse discuss?
- A. Male infertility is always caused by low testosterone levels.
- B. Sperm count, motility, and morphology are critical factors in male fertility.
- C. Male infertility does not affect the success of fertility treatments.
- D. Male factor infertility cannot be diagnosed with a semen analysis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because sperm count, motility, and morphology are indeed critical factors in male fertility. Sperm count refers to the number of sperm present, motility is the ability of sperm to move effectively, and morphology relates to the shape and structure of sperm. These factors directly impact a man's fertility potential.
Choice A is incorrect because male infertility can have various causes, not solely low testosterone levels. Choice C is incorrect as male infertility can impact the success of fertility treatments. Choice D is incorrect because semen analysis is a key diagnostic tool for identifying male factor infertility.
What is the primary purpose of cryopreservation in fertility treatments?
- A. To store embryos, eggs, or sperm for future use.
- B. To improve the success rates of natural conception.
- C. To reduce the need for fertility medications.
- D. To eliminate genetic abnormalities in embryos.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because cryopreservation allows embryos, eggs, or sperm to be stored for future use, preserving fertility options for patients undergoing fertility treatments. This helps in cases like preserving fertility before undergoing treatments that may affect fertility or for those who wish to postpone childbearing.
Choice B is incorrect because cryopreservation doesn't directly improve natural conception rates. Choice C is incorrect as cryopreservation doesn't reduce the need for fertility medications but rather provides a method to store reproductive materials. Choice D is incorrect as cryopreservation doesn't eliminate genetic abnormalities in embryos; it preserves them for potential future use.
What is the significance of luteal phase deficiency in infertility?
- A. It results from inadequate estrogen levels during ovulation.
- B. It is caused by insufficient progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.
- C. It occurs only in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
- D. It leads to the release of immature eggs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because luteal phase deficiency is caused by insufficient progesterone to maintain the uterine lining, which is crucial for implantation of a fertilized egg. This deficiency can lead to difficulty in sustaining a pregnancy.
A is incorrect because estrogen levels are more related to follicular phase than luteal phase.
C is incorrect because luteal phase deficiency can occur in women without PCOS.
D is incorrect because immature eggs are more related to ovulation issues rather than luteal phase deficiency.