Nokea
A nurse is giving an educational class to members of the local disaster team. What should the nurse instruct members of the disaster team to do in a chemical bioterrorist attack?
- A. Cover their eyes.
- B. Put on a personal protective equipment mask.
- C. Stand up.
- D. Crawl to an exit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most chemical agents are heavier than air, so standing up minimizes exposure. Covering eyes, masking, or crawling increases exposure risk.
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When assessing patients who are victims of a chemical agent attack, the nurse is aware that assessment findings vary based on the type of chemical agent. The chemical sulfur mustard is an example of what type of chemical warfare agent?
- A. Nerve agent
- B. Blood agent
- C. Pulmonary agent
- D. Vesicant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sulfur mustard, a vesicant, causes blistering and burns. Nerve agents affect neurotransmitters, blood agents disrupt cellular metabolism, and pulmonary agents damage lung tissue.
A patient is admitted to the ED who has been exposed to a nerve agent. The nurse should anticipate the STAT administration of what drug?
- A. Amyl nitrate
- B. Dimercaprol
- C. Erythromycin
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atropine counteracts nerve agent effects by blocking acetylcholine, alleviating hyperstimulation symptoms. Other drugs are for different agents or ineffective.
A workplace explosion has left a 40-year-old man burned over 65% of his body. His burns are second- and third-degree burns, but he is conscious. How would this person be triaged?
- A. Green
- B. Yellow
- C. Red
- D. Black
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Extensive burns over 65% of the body indicate a low survival likelihood, warranting a black triage tag to prioritize resources for those with better prognosis.
A nurse is caring for patients exposed to a terrorist attack involving chemicals. The nurse has been advised that personal protective equipment must be worn in order to give the highest level of respiratory protection with a lesser level of skin and eye protection. What level protection is this considered?
- A. Level A
- B. Level B
- C. Level C
- D. Level D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Level B PPE provides maximal respiratory protection but less skin and eye coverage, suitable for chemical exposures where inhalation is the primary risk.
A patient has been exposed to a nerve agent in a biochemical terrorist attack. This type of agent bonds with acetylcholinesterase, so that acetylcholine is not inactivated. What is the pathologic effect of this type of agent?
- A. Hyperstimulation of the nerve endings
- B. Temporary deactivation of the nerve endings
- C. Binding of the nerve endings
- D. Destruction of the nerve endings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nerve agents cause continuous nerve hyperstimulation by preventing acetylcholine breakdown. Deactivation, binding, or destruction do not occur.