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A nurse is providing care to a 15-year-old female who has recently been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
- A. Seek advice from an ethics expert.
- B. Facilitate interaction between the adolescent and her parents/guardians.
- C. Report the STI to the appropriate authorities.
- D. Contact the adolescent’s parents/guardians.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Federal and state laws protect adolescents' privacy and autonomy. The nurse should help the adolescent understand her options and facilitate communication with her guardians.
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A school nurse is discussing the income eligibility requirements for free and reduced-price school meals with a family. Which of the following statements would the nurse most likely make?
- A. “If the employed member of your family earns less than $50,000 per year, your child will qualify for reduced-price meals.”
- B. “If your family’s income is less than 185% above the federal poverty level, your child will qualify for free or reduced-price meals.”
- C. “If you have more than five members living in your household, your child will qualify for reduced-price meals.”
- D. “If your family has an income above the federal poverty level, your child will not qualify for free or reduced-price meals.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eligibility for free or reduced-price meals depends on income relative to the federal poverty level.
Which young adult exemplifies Kohlberg’s postconventional level of moral reasoning?
- A. A 28-year-old who helps a friend move despite calling in sick
- B. A 22-year-old man who uses marijuana on weekends
- C. A 30-year-old woman who volunteers at a soup kitchen
- D. A 35-year-old working long hours for a promotion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg’s postconventional stage involves moral reasoning based on what is considered “right” for the greater good, as exemplified by volunteering at a soup kitchen.
A postmenopausal woman fears developing osteoporosis like her mother. What is the most appropriate nurse response?
- A. "The American diet is much better now than when your mother was your age."
- B. "You have a strong genetic risk factor. There is not much we can do to stop the process."
- C. "You need about 1000 mg of calcium a day to keep your bones strong."
- D. "Tell me about your diet, how much walking you do each day, and what medications you take."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should assess the patient's diet, physical activity, and medications before providing tailored advice.
Who authored the framework which provides the foundation for nursing assessment and diagnosis using the functional health patterns?
- A. Erikson
- B. Gordon
- C. Newman
- D. Nightingale
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gordon's framework is the basis for nursing diagnoses using functional health patterns.
What is the most effective policy a staff nurse can implement to help decrease medical errors on the unit?
- A. Forgo opportunities for continuing education so the unit is never understaffed.
- B. Foster a collaborative working environment on the unit.
- C. Check all medications a minimum of three times before administering them.
- D. Develop a policy that mandates the firing of any nurse who commits an error.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A collaborative working environment improves communication and reduces errors by addressing systemic issues.