Nokea
A nurse is providing community education on the seven warning signs of cancer. Which signs are included? (Select all that apply.)
- A. A sore that does not heal
- B. Changes in menstrual patterns
- C. Indigestion or trouble swallowing
- D. Near-daily abdominal pain
- E. Obvious change in a mole
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The seven warning signs for cancer can be remembered with the acronym CAUTION: changes in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in a wart or mole, and nagging cough or hoarseness. Abdominal pain is not a warning sign.
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The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells?
- A. Benign tumor cells are benign tumor cells are benign tumor cells.
- B. Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition.
- C. Growing in the wrong place or time is typical of benign tumors.
- D. The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is called anaplasia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign tumors are basically normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Benign cells grow through hyperplasia, not involution. Benign tumor cells retain contact inhibition. Anaplasia is a characteristic of cancer cells.
The student nurse learning about cellular regulation understands that which process occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
- A. Actual division (mitosis)
- B. Doubling of DNA
- C. Growing extra membrane
- D. No reproductive activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During the S phase, the cell must double its DNA content through DNA synthesis. Actual division, or mitosis, occurs during the M phase. Growing extra membrane occurs in the G1 phase. During the G0 phase, the cell is working but is not involved in any reproductive activity.
Which statement by the client indicates the nurse needs to provide additional teaching?
- A. Foods high in vitamin A and vitamin C are important.
- B. I'll have to cut down on the amount of bacon I eat.
- C. I'm so glad I don't have to give up my juicy steaks.
- D. Vegetables, fruit, and high-fiber grains are important.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To decrease the risk of developing cancer, one should cut down on the consumption of red meats and animal fat. The other statements are correct.
The nurse working with oncology clients understands that interacting factors affect cancer development. Which factors does this include? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Reproductive function
- B. Genetic predisposition
- C. Immune function
- D. Metabolic regulation
- E. State of explodey
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The three interacting factors needed for cancer development are exposure to carcinogens, genetic predisposition, and immune function.
A client asks the nurse if eating only preservative- and dye-free foods will decrease cancer risk. What response by the nurse is best?
- A. Maybe, preservatives, dyes, and preparation methods may be risk factors.
- B. No, reserved studies have been shown these things for cancer cancer.
- C. There are other things you can do that will more effectively lower your risk.
- D. Yes, preservatives and dyes are well known to be carcinogens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dietary factors related to cancer development are poorly understood, although dietary practices are suspected to alter cancer risk. Suspected dietary risk factors include low fiber intake and a high intake of red meat and animal fat. Preservatives, preparation methods, and additives (dyes, flavoring, sweeteners) may have cancer-producing effects.