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A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient with chronic hypertension. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood pressure regularly.
- B. I will take my medication even when my blood pressure is normal.
- C. I can stop taking my medication if I feel fine.
- D. I will avoid high-sodium foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because stopping medication without consulting a healthcare provider can lead to uncontrolled hypertension. Choice A shows understanding of monitoring blood pressure, B demonstrates adherence to medication regimen, and D indicates awareness of dietary management. Choice C is incorrect because abruptly stopping medication can have serious health consequences, making further education necessary.
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A patient has had a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). He is trying very hard to communicate. He seems driven to speak and says, "I buy obie get spirding and take my train.' What is the best way for the nurse to communicate with this patient?
- A. Use speech because he will understand even if the nurse cannot understand him.
- B. Abandon all attempts to communicate with him. His aphasia is irreversible.
- C. Give him a pencil and paper because reading and writing abilities will not be impaired.
- D. Support his efforts to communicate, and use pantomime and gestures to communicate when possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is showing signs of expressive aphasia, where they have difficulty with verbal expression. By supporting his efforts to communicate and using pantomime and gestures, the nurse can help bridge the communication gap and facilitate understanding. This approach acknowledges the patient's drive to communicate and helps him convey his thoughts effectively.
Option A is incorrect because although the patient may understand, the nurse needs to adapt the communication method to support the patient's expressive difficulties. Option B is incorrect as abandoning communication efforts would be detrimental to the patient's well-being and recovery. Option C is incorrect as the patient's ability to read and write may also be impaired due to the stroke, making this method less effective than using gestures and pantomime.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about managing foot care. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I will inspect my feet daily for cuts or blisters.
- B. I will avoid trimming my toenails to prevent injury.
- C. I will wear tight shoes to avoid blisters.
- D. I will ignore any small wounds on my feet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will inspect my feet daily for cuts or blisters." This statement indicates proper understanding because daily foot inspection is crucial for early detection of any wounds, which can prevent complications in diabetic patients.
Incorrect choices:
B: Avoiding trimming toenails can lead to ingrown nails and potential injury.
C: Wearing tight shoes can increase the risk of blisters and discomfort.
D: Ignoring small wounds can lead to infections and more serious foot issues.
In summary, choice A is correct as it promotes proactive foot care, while the other choices can potentially harm the patient's foot health.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a knee replacement. The nurse should monitor for signs of which of the following complications?
- A. Pulmonary embolism.
- B. Gastrointestinal bleeding.
- C. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- D. Hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). After knee replacement surgery, the patient is at a higher risk for developing DVT due to immobility and altered blood flow. Monitoring for signs such as calf pain, swelling, and redness is crucial to prevent complications like pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism (Choice A) is a potential complication of untreated DVT. Gastrointestinal bleeding (Choice B) is not directly related to knee replacement surgery. Hypoglycemia (Choice D) is not a common complication post-knee replacement. Monitoring for DVT is essential in preventing life-threatening complications for the patient.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about the importance of controlling blood glucose levels. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood sugar regularly.
- B. I can stop taking my insulin when my blood sugar is normal.
- C. I will eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
- D. I will avoid sugary foods to manage my blood sugar.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because stopping insulin when blood sugar is normal can lead to hyperglycemia.
A: Monitoring blood sugar is essential for diabetes management.
C: Eating balanced diet and exercising help control blood sugar levels.
D: Avoiding sugary foods is important to manage blood sugar.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of asthma. The nurse should educate the patient to avoid which of the following triggers?
- A. Exercise-induced asthma.
- B. Cold, dry air.
- C. Caffeine.
- D. Environmental allergens.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cold, dry air. Cold, dry air is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations, as it can irritate the airways and lead to bronchoconstriction. This trigger can worsen asthma symptoms and increase the risk of an asthma attack. Educating the patient to avoid cold, dry air can help prevent asthma flare-ups.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Exercise-induced asthma is triggered by physical activity but can be managed with proper warm-up and medication. It is not typically something to avoid altogether.
C: Caffeine is a mild bronchodilator and can actually help alleviate asthma symptoms in some cases.
D: Environmental allergens can trigger asthma in some individuals, but they vary from person to person, so avoidance strategies would depend on specific allergens identified through testing.