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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about manifestations of hypoglycemia with an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Rapid respirations
- B. Diminished reflexes
- C. Acetone breath
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid respirations are not typically a manifestation of hypoglycemia. They are more commonly associated with conditions that cause metabolic acidosis, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Diminished reflexes are not a typical manifestation of hypoglycemia. They may be seen in conditions affecting the nervous system. Acetone breath is not a manifestation of hypoglycemia. It is a sign of ketoacidosis, which is a complication of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Diaphoresis, or sweating, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia. The body produces sweat as part of the sympathetic nervous system's response to hypoglycemia.
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A nurse is attending a continuing education course about communicable diseases. The nurse should identify that varicella has which of the following incubation periods?
- A. 2 to 5 days
- B. 3 to 4 weeks
- C. 7 to 10 days
- D. 2 to 3 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The incubation period for varicella, or chickenpox, is typically longer than 2 to 5 days. It usually ranges from 10 to 21 days. An incubation period of 3 to 4 weeks is within the typical range for varicella. However, the average incubation period is usually around 14 to 16 days. An incubation period of 7 to 10 days is shorter than the typical incubation period for varicella, which is usually around 14 to 16 days. An incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks is within the typical range for varicella. The average incubation period is usually around 14 to 16 days.
A nurse is providing instructions about methylphenidate (Ritalin) to the parents of a school-age child who has ADHD. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You will need to give your child the medication after meals.
- B. You will need to have your child's blood glucose level checked monthly.
- C. You should not give your child the medication on weekends.
- D. You should give your child's last daily dose of the medication before 6 o'clock in the evening.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a medication used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is not necessary to give the medication after meals. The medication can be taken with or without food. However, some people find that taking it with food can help prevent stomach upset. Regular blood glucose level checks are not typically required when a child is taking methylphenidate. This medication does not have a significant impact on blood sugar levels. It is not generally recommended to skip doses of methylphenidate on weekends. Consistent medication administration is important for managing ADHD symptoms. However, the prescribing doctor may sometimes recommend a 'drug holiday' or break from the medication. This should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional. This is the correct answer. Methylphenidate is a stimulant, and taking it later in the day can cause insomnia or trouble sleeping. Therefore, it is often recommended that the last dose of the medication be given before 6 o'clock in the evening to minimize sleep disturbances.
A nurse is providing guidance to a toddler's parent about the types of food that are part of a clear liquid diet. Which food, if suggested by the parent, would indicate that they have understood the instructions?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Gelatin
- C. Strained soup
- D. Pureed fruit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Yogurt is not part of a clear liquid diet. It is a dairy product and is not clear or liquid at room temperature. Gelatin is part of a clear liquid diet. This type of diet is often prescribed before medical procedures or tests, or for patients with certain digestive issues. It consists of liquids and foods that are clear and liquid at room temperature. Strained soup might be allowed on a full liquid diet, but it is not part of a clear liquid diet. Only the broth of the soup, which is clear and liquid at room temperature, would be allowed. Pureed fruit is not part of a clear liquid diet. While it is a liquid at room temperature, it is not clear.
A nurse is providing care to a group of children at a pediatric clinic. Which of the following children meets the criteria to receive a varicella vaccine?
- A. A child who received a blood transfusion 1 month ago.
- B. A child currently receiving immunoglobulins.
- C. A child currently receiving chemotherapy.
- D. A child who has a cold and nasal discharge.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A child who received a blood transfusion 1 month ago is not recommended to receive the varicella vaccine. This is because blood transfusions can introduce new antibodies into the body that may interfere with the immune response to the vaccine. A child currently receiving immunoglobulins should not receive the varicella vaccine. Immunoglobulins are proteins in the blood that function as antibodies. They can interfere with the body's immune response to the vaccine. A child currently receiving chemotherapy should not receive the varicella vaccine. Chemotherapy can weaken the immune system, making it less effective at responding to vaccines. A child who has a cold and nasal discharge can receive the varicella vaccine. Mild illnesses, such as a cold, do not interfere with the immune response to the vaccine.
A nurse is caring for a child who has tinea pedis. The child's parent asks the nurse what this infection is commonly called. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
- A. Shingles
- B. Athlete's foot
- C. Fever blister
- D. Pinworms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection that causes a painful rash and is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Tinea pedis is a foot infection due to a dermatophyte fungus. It is the most common dermatophyte infection and is particularly prevalent in hot, tropical, urban environments. Interdigital involvement is most commonly seen (this presentation is also known as athlete's foot, although some people use the term for any kind of tinea pedis). Fever blister, also known as cold sores, are caused by the herpes simplex virus. They are small, fluid-filled blisters that develop on the lips or around the mouth. Pinworms are a type of parasite that lives in the lower intestine of humans. They are tiny, narrow worms. They are white and less than a half-inch long.