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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a DEXA scan. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Fast for 12 hours before the scan.
- B. Avoid calcium supplements for 24 hours before the scan.
- C. Wear loose-fitting clothing.
- D. Expect to receive contrast dye during the scan.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wearing loose-fitting clothing ensures comfort and facilitates the DEXA scan, which measures bone density.
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A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking an oral contraceptive. Which of the following findings is a contraindication for the use of oral contraceptives?
- A. Headaches with aura
- B. History of mononucleosis 1 year ago.
- C. Irregular menstrual cycles
- D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Headaches with aura is correct. Headaches with aura, a warning sign that can precede a migraine, are a contraindication for the use of oral contraceptives. This is because oral contraceptives increase the risk of stroke, especially in women who experience migraines with aura.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for omeprazole. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Weight loss
- C. Tinnitus
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, can cause diarrhea as a common side effect due to changes in gut flora.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Weight gain
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Muscle weakness, especially in the eyes and face, is a hallmark symptom of myasthenia gravis due to autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors.
A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is receiving a continuous tube feeding. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Check gastric residual volume every 8 hours.
- B. Flush the tube with cold water every 4 hours.
- C. Position the client flat during feeding.
- D. Change the feeding bag every 72 hours.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Positioning the client with the head of the bed elevated during feeding reduces the risk of aspiration, a critical safety measure.
A nurse is administering pancrelipase to a child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following outcomes should the nurse expect as a therapeutic effect of the treatment?
- A. Reduced fat in the stools
- B. Decreased sodium excretion
- C. Improved respiratory function
- D. Improved absorption of vitamins B and C
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reduced fat in the stools is correct. Pancrelipase is an enzyme replacement therapy that helps improve digestion and absorption of fats and proteins in individuals with cystic fibrosis. This treatment is especially important for those with pancreatic insufficiency, as it helps prevent the steatorrhea (fatty stools) commonly seen in these patients.