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A nurse is reviewing informed consent with a client who is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following is the responsibility of the nurse?
- A. Explaining the procedure's risks
- B. Obtaining the client's signature
- C. Verifying the client's understanding of the procedure being performed
- D. Scheduling the procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's role in informed consent is to ensure the client comprehends the procedure, supporting autonomy and legal standards. Verifying the client's understanding of the cardiac catheterization its purpose, process, and implications confirms they can articulate it, ensuring consent is truly informed, not just signed. Explaining risks is the provider's duty, as they perform the procedure and bear legal responsibility for disclosure. Obtaining the signature is procedural but secondary to comprehension, often a clerical task. Scheduling is logistical, unrelated to consent. Verification bridges provider explanation and client decision, empowering the client and protecting the healthcare team by validating that consent reflects genuine understanding, not coercion or confusion.
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The clinic nurse has just accessed a client's chart on the computer. The resident comes over and asks her to stay logged on because he needs to add a note to that client's chart. She should say:
- A. No problem. Just log me off when you're done.'
- B. I'll put the note in for you. What do you want to say?'
- C. Just make sure that you sign your note because it's under my log in ID.'
- D. I'm sorry, but you will have to enter the information using your own log in ID.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patient privacy and data security are paramount in healthcare, governed by laws like HIPAA. Allowing the resident to use the nurse's login violates these principles, as each provider must use their own credentials to access and modify patient records. This ensures accountability every action is traceable to the individual who performed it and protects the nurse from liability for entries she didn't make. Offering to log off after the resident's use or adding the note herself compromises this accountability, potentially leading to errors or legal issues if the resident's input is inaccurate. Asking the resident to sign the note under her ID still ties her login to his actions, which is insufficient. Requiring the resident to use his own login upholds professional standards, safeguards patient information, and maintains clear responsibility for chart entries.
The nurse is applying a decision-making process to a clinical challenge. When applying this process, the nurse must:
- A. analyze the root causes of a situation
- B. begin by solving the underlying problem
- C. choose between different courses of action
- D. prioritize the maximum good for the maximum number of people
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In nursing, decision making involves selecting a course of action, as this nurse must do amidst a clinical challenge. Analyzing root causes or solving problems first are steps within problem solving a systematic subset of decision making but the core act is choosing, like opting for one treatment over another. Prioritizing the maximum good aligns with utilitarian ethics, but nursing often lacks the scope for such broad impact in single decisions. For instance, faced with a patient's deteriorating vitals, the nurse chooses between immediate intervention or monitoring, weighing options based on data and protocols. This choice-driven process, distinct from exhaustive analysis, empowers nurses to act decisively in dynamic settings, ensuring patient safety and care quality, a critical leadership skill in managing clinical uncertainties effectively.
What leadership style is used to maintain a strong control in the department?
- A. Laissez-faire
- B. Democratic
- C. Collegial
- D. Autocratic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autocratic style enforces strong control, unlike laissez-faire, democratic, or collegial. Nurse managers like mandating protocols use this, contrasting with participative approaches. It's key in healthcare for order, though it may limit input, aligning leadership with authority in high-stakes settings.
Stephanie delegates effectively if she has authority to act, which is BEST defined as:
- A. Having responsibility to direct others
- B. Being accountable to the organization
- C. Having legitimate right to act
- D. Telling others what to do
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Authority, for Stephanie, is the legitimate right to act sanctioned power to delegate beyond just directing, accountability, or ordering. In her role, this means assigning orientation tasks with official backing, ensuring compliance. Leadership hinges on this, balancing responsibility with power in a hospital where clear authority prevents chaos, enabling her to guide new nurses effectively toward patient care goals within her educational mandate.
A client with a history of asthma is prescribed fluticasone. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Rinse your mouth after each use
- B. Use it only during an asthma attack
- C. Shake the inhaler well before use
- D. Take deep breaths and hold for 5 seconds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For fluticasone in asthma, rinse mouth, not PRN, shake, or 5-second hold. Steroids risk thrush rinsing prevents, PRN's rescue, hold's 10 seconds. Leadership teaches this imagine white patches; it ensures safety, aligning with asthma care effectively.