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A nurse is teaching a client about the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Inhale the medication deeply for 3-5 seconds
- B. Exhale forcefully before inhaling
- C. Shake the MDI vigorously before use
- D. Hold the mouthpiece 2.5-5 cm (1-2 in) in front of the mouth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inhaling the medication deeply for 3-5 seconds and holding the breath for 10 seconds after inhalation ensures effective medication delivery to the lungs.
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A nurse is caring for a client who expresses anxiety about an upcoming surgery. What should the nurse do?
- A. Reassure the client that everything will be fine
- B. Ask the client to describe feelings
- C. Tell the client to stay positive
- D. Provide information about the surgery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking the client to describe their feelings allows the nurse to understand the specific concerns and anxieties the client is experiencing.
A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods?
- A. Applesauce
- B. Mashed potatoes
- C. Orange slices
- D. Soft bread
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orange slices have membranes that are hard to swallow, which can be problematic for clients on a mechanical soft diet.
A nurse is teaching about measures to promote sleep for a client with insomnia. What statement indicates understanding?
- A. I should reduce my fluid intake to 2 hours before bedtime
- B. I will watch TV in bed before sleeping
- C. I can take long naps during the day
- D. I should exercise right before going to bed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reducing fluid intake to 2-4 hours before sleeping helps prevent interruptions during the night, promoting better sleep.
A nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client who has hearing loss. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Speak loudly to the client
- B. Use written communication to assist with communication
- C. Avoid eye contact while speaking
- D. Use sign language without an interpreter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using written communication can help ensure that the client understands the information being conveyed.
A nurse is performing a focused assessment on a client who has a history of COPD and is experiencing dyspnea. Which of the findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Flaring of the nostrils
- B. Normal respiratory rate
- C. Clear lung sounds
- D. Decreased work of breathing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flaring of the nostrils indicates increased respiratory effort, common in clients with dyspnea due to COPD.