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A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for atenolol. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradycardia. Atenolol is a beta-blocker that slows down the heart rate, leading to bradycardia as an adverse effect. This occurs because atenolol blocks the action of adrenaline on the heart, causing the heart to beat slower. Hyperglycemia (A) is not a common adverse effect of atenolol; in fact, it may even lower blood sugar levels slightly. Tachycardia (B) and hypertension (C) are the opposite effects of atenolol, as it is used to treat high blood pressure and reduce heart rate. Therefore, these would not be expected adverse effects.
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A nurse cares for a client on ethambutol therapy for tuberculosis. What should be monitored?
- A. Hearing loss
- B. Visual acuity
- C. Liver function
- D. Blood glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Visual acuity. Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis, leading to visual disturbances. Monitoring visual acuity is crucial to detect any changes early.
Incorrect choices:
A: Hearing loss is associated with other medications for TB, not ethambutol.
C: Liver function is not typically affected by ethambutol.
D: Blood glucose is not directly impacted by ethambutol therapy.
In summary, monitoring visual acuity is essential due to the potential optic nerve toxicity of ethambutol, making it the most relevant parameter to monitor in this case.
A home health nurse assesses an older adult with vision loss due to glaucoma. What is a safety hazard?
- A. Bright overhead lighting
- B. Presence of scatter rugs in the kitchen
- C. Using contrasting colors in home decor
- D. Wearing slip-resistant shoes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Presence of scatter rugs in the kitchen. Scatter rugs pose a tripping hazard for individuals with vision loss, especially in areas like the kitchen where spills and slippery surfaces are common. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Bright overhead lighting can actually be beneficial for those with vision loss by improving visibility; C - Using contrasting colors can aid in distinguishing objects and pathways; D - Wearing slip-resistant shoes can help prevent falls.
A staff nurse is teaching a client who has Addison's disease about the disease process. The client asks the nurse what causes Addison's disease. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. It is caused by the lack of production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland.
- B. It is caused by a viral infection.
- C. It is caused by the overproduction of cortisol.
- D. It is caused by an autoimmune disorder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Addison's disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency.
2. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland that helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
3. Lack of aldosterone production in Addison's disease leads to electrolyte imbalances and low blood pressure.
4. Therefore, the correct answer is A as the lack of aldosterone production by the adrenal gland is the primary cause of Addison's disease.
Summary of other choices:
B. Addison's disease is not caused by a viral infection, so this choice is incorrect.
C. Addison's disease is not caused by the overproduction of cortisol, as it is associated with cortisol deficiency.
D. The most common cause of Addison's disease is an autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the adrenal glands, leading to their dysfunction.
A nurse is planning an educational program about basal cell carcinoma. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include?
- A. Basal cell carcinoma has a low incidence of metastasis.
- B. Basal cell carcinoma is often fatal.
- C. Basal cell carcinoma metastasizes early.
- D. Basal cell carcinoma is more common in younger clients.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basal cell carcinoma has a low incidence of metastasis. Basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes to other parts of the body, making it highly curable through surgical excision. This information is crucial for patients to understand the low likelihood of the cancer spreading. Choices B and C are incorrect because basal cell carcinoma is not typically fatal nor does it metastasize early. Choice D is incorrect as basal cell carcinoma is more common in older adults, not younger clients.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings for a client who developed fat embolism syndrome (FES) following a fracture. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased serum calcium level
- B. Increased potassium level
- C. Decreased white blood cell count
- D. Increased serum albumin level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased serum calcium level. In fat embolism syndrome (FES), fat droplets enter the bloodstream and can affect various organs. One of the common complications is hypocalcemia due to the binding of calcium to the fatty acids, leading to decreased serum calcium levels. This can result in symptoms such as confusion, tetany, and seizures. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Increased potassium level is not typically associated with FES. C: Decreased white blood cell count is not a common finding in FES. D: Increased serum albumin level is not related to FES.